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Influence of viral transport media and freeze–thaw cycling on the sensitivity of qRT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids
Nanoscale ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-09 , DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03933d
Cian Holohan 1 , Sophia Hanrahan 1 , Nathan Feely 1 , Peng Li 2 , John O'Connell 1 , Catherine Moss 1 , Michael Carr 3, 4 , Oya Tagit 2 , Gil U Lee 1
Affiliation  

Objective: The events of the last year have highlighted the complexity of implementing large-scale molecular diagnostic testing for novel pathogens. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical influences of sample collection media and storage on the stability and detection of viral nucleic acids by qRT-PCR. We studied the mechanism(s) through which viral transport media (VTM) and number of freeze–thaw cycles influenced the analytical sensitivity of qRT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2. Our goal is to reinforce testing capabilities and identify weaknesses that could arise in resource-limited environments that do not have well-controlled cold chains. Method: The sensitivity of qRT-PCR analysis was studied in four VTM for synthetic single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) simulants of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Results: The sensitivity and reproducibility of qRT-PCR for the synthetic ssRNA and dsDNA were found to be highly sensitive to VTM with the best results observed for ssRNA in HBSS and PBS-G. Surprisingly, the presence of epithelial cellular material with the ssRNA increased the sensitivity of the qRT-PCR assay. Repeated freeze–thaw cycling decreased the sensitivity of the qRT-PCR with two noted exceptions. Conclusions: The choice of VTM is critically important to defining the sensitivity of COVID-19 molecular diagnostics assays and this study suggests they can impact upon the stability of the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome. This becomes increasingly important if the virus structure is destabilised before analysis, which can occur due to poor storage conditions. This study suggests that COVID-19 testing performed with glycerol-containing PBS will produce a high level of stability and sensitivity. These results are in agreement with clinical studies reported for patient-derived samples.

中文翻译:

病毒转运介质和冻融循环对 SARS-CoV-2 核酸 qRT-PCR 检测灵敏度的影响

目标:去年发生的事件凸显了对新型病原体实施大规模分子诊断测试的复杂性。本研究的目的是通过 qRT-PCR 确定样品收集介质和储存对病毒核酸稳定性和检测的化学影响。我们研究了病毒转运介质 (VTM) 和冻融循环次数影响 SARS-CoV-2 的 qRT-PCR 检测分析灵敏度的机制。我们的目标是加强测试能力并找出在没有良好控制的冷链的资源有限环境中可能出现的弱点。方法:在四个 VTM 中研究了 qRT-PCR 分析的敏感性,用于合成 SARS-CoV-2 基因组的单链 RNA (ssRNA) 和双链 DNA (dsDNA) 模拟物。结果:发现 qRT-PCR 对合成 ssRNA 和 dsDNA 的敏感性和重现性对 VTM 高度敏感,在 HBSS 和 PBS-G 中观察到的 ssRNA 结果最好。令人惊讶的是,带有 ssRNA 的上皮细胞材料的存在增加了 qRT-PCR 检测的灵敏度。重复冻融循环降低了 qRT-PCR 的灵敏度,但有两个例外。结论:VTM 的选择对于定义 COVID-19 分子诊断检测的灵敏度至关重要,这项研究表明它们可以影响 SARS-CoV-2 病毒基因组的稳定性。如果病毒结构在分析前不稳定,这会变得越来越重要,这可能是由于储存条件差造成的。这项研究表明,使用含甘油的 PBS 进行 COVID-19 测试将产生高水平的稳定性和灵敏度。这些结果与报告的患者来源样本的临床研究一致。
更新日期:2021-09-17
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