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Trophic mediation and ecosystem stability: An assessment using qualitative network models
Limnology and Oceanography ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-17 , DOI: 10.1002/lno.11926
Delphi F. L. Ward 1 , Jessica Melbourne‐Thomas 2 , Craig R. Johnson 1 , Simon J. Wotherspoon 1, 3
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Nontrophic interactions can contribute to negative and positive feedbacks within a community, thus affecting likelihood of regime shifts; however, assessing the nature and importance of these effects in a network remains challenging, especially for pelagic ecosystems. Here, we present a qualitative modeling approach for assessing the importance of different effects and resultant feedbacks for community stability, using a Southern Ocean example. A potentially important positive feedback in the Southern Ocean ecosystem involves production of a chemical cue, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), by some phytoplankton. Production of DMS can promote phytoplankton growth by attracting predators of phytoplankton-grazers, and nutrients released as feces from those predators help fertilize the water column. We explored how uncertainties in the nature of this feedback affect community stability in a set of small, community models. We found that stability varied substantially depending on how the community was modeled, but that the interactions most important for determining stability were consistent across all models. Model stability was sensitive to the strength of phytoplankton competition, controls on phytoplankton, DMS production and release, and predator attraction to DMS, suggesting that the community could be destabilized by perturbation affecting these interactions. Incorporating DMS-mediated feedbacks into a larger Southern Ocean network had a moderate impact on stability characteristics and altered the trophic level at which the system would be most vulnerable to perturbation.

中文翻译:

营养调节和生态系统稳定性:使用定性网络模型的评估

非营养性互动会导致社区内的负面和正面反馈,从而影响政权更迭的可能性;然而,评估网络中这些影响的性质和重要性仍然具有挑战性,尤其是对于远洋生态系统而言。在这里,我们以南大洋为例,提出了一种定性建模方法,用于评估不同影响的重要性以及由此产生的反馈对社区稳定性的重要性。南大洋生态系统中一个潜在的重要正反馈涉及一些浮游植物产生化学信号二甲基硫醚 (DMS)。DMS 的产生可以通过吸引浮游植物食草动物的捕食者来促进浮游植物的生长,而这些捕食者作为粪便释放的营养物质有助于使水体肥沃。我们探讨了这种反馈性质的不确定性如何影响一组小型社区模型中的社区稳定性。我们发现稳定性在很大程度上取决于社区的建模方式,但对于确定稳定性最重要的相互作用在所有模型中都是一致的。模型稳定性对浮游植物竞争的强度、对浮游植物的控制、DMS 的产生和释放以及捕食者对 DMS 的吸引力很敏感,这表明影响这些相互作用的扰动可能会破坏群落的稳定性。将 DMS 介导的反馈纳入更大的南大洋网络对稳定性特征有中等影响,并改变了系统最容易受到扰动的营养水平。我们发现稳定性在很大程度上取决于社区的建模方式,但对于确定稳定性最重要的相互作用在所有模型中都是一致的。模型稳定性对浮游植物竞争的强度、对浮游植物的控制、DMS 的产生和释放以及捕食者对 DMS 的吸引力很敏感,这表明影响这些相互作用的扰动可能会破坏群落的稳定性。将 DMS 介导的反馈纳入更大的南大洋网络对稳定性特征有中等影响,并改变了系统最容易受到扰动的营养水平。我们发现稳定性在很大程度上取决于社区的建模方式,但对于确定稳定性最重要的相互作用在所有模型中都是一致的。模型稳定性对浮游植物竞争的强度、对浮游植物的控制、DMS 的产生和释放以及捕食者对 DMS 的吸引力很敏感,这表明影响这些相互作用的扰动可能会破坏群落的稳定性。将 DMS 介导的反馈纳入更大的南大洋网络对稳定性特征有中等影响,并改变了系统最容易受到扰动的营养水平。模型稳定性对浮游植物竞争的强度、对浮游植物的控制、DMS 的产生和释放以及捕食者对 DMS 的吸引力很敏感,这表明影响这些相互作用的扰动可能会破坏群落的稳定性。将 DMS 介导的反馈纳入更大的南大洋网络对稳定性特征有中等影响,并改变了系统最容易受到扰动的营养水平。模型稳定性对浮游植物竞争的强度、对浮游植物的控制、DMS 的产生和释放以及捕食者对 DMS 的吸引力很敏感,这表明影响这些相互作用的扰动可能会破坏群落的稳定性。将 DMS 介导的反馈纳入更大的南大洋网络对稳定性特征有中等影响,并改变了系统最容易受到扰动的营养水平。
更新日期:2021-09-17
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