Land-use cover is undergoing intense change under global climate change and rapid urbanization, especially in the Loess Plateau, where ecological restoration policies like Green for Grain Project (GFGP) have been vigorously implemented since the 1980s. The main objective of this study was to distinguish the difference of spatio-temporal variation of land-use change in the two study periods of 1980–2000 and 2000–2020 at the county scales. Geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) was employed to handle both the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the driving forces for land use change. The results showed that the quantity of construction land, woodland and grassland experienced continuous growth, but arable land declined substantially. The results of GTWR model showed that the dominant influencing factors of land-use change had temporal and spatial differences in the Loess Plateau. Specifically, the implementation of GFGP and precipitation accelerated the changes in arable land, grassland and woodland. For construction land, its growth was mainly promoted by gross domestic product (GDP) and population, both of which had more obvious positive effects in the last 20 years. The findings provide a scientific basis to put forward countermeasures emphasizing sustainable land use in the Loess Plateau.

中文翻译：

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1980-2020年陕北黄土高原土地利用变化的时空变化及驱动力

在全球气候变化和快速城市化背景下，土地利用覆盖正在发生剧烈变化，特别是在黄土高原，自1980年代以来，绿色换粮计划（GFGP）等生态修复政策得到大力实施。本研究的主要目的是区分1980-2000年和2000-2020年两个研究期在县域尺度上土地利用变化的时空变化差异。地理和时间加权回归（GTWR）被用来处理土地利用变化驱动力的空间和时间异质性。结果表明，建设用地、林地和草地数量持续增长，但耕地面积大幅下降。GTWR模型结果表明，黄土高原土地利用变化的主导影响因素具有时空差异。具体而言，GFGP的实施和降水加速了耕地、草地和林地的变化。在建设用地方面，其增长主要受国内生产总值（GDP）和人口的推动，两者在过去20年的积极影响更为明显。研究结果为提出强调黄土高原土地可持续利用的对策提供了科学依据。两者在过去20年中都产生了更明显的积极影响。研究结果为提出强调黄土高原土地可持续利用的对策提供了科学依据。两者在过去20年中都产生了更明显的积极影响。研究结果为提出强调黄土高原土地可持续利用的对策提供了科学依据。