Lightning accidents seriously threaten the safe operation of wind turbines due to the unclear initiation mechanism of the airborne lightning-induced discharges on turbine blades, in which turbine rotation is one of the principal influencing factors. To study the impact mechanism of wind turbine rotation on corona discharge inception, a numerical model with the dynamic meshing of charged ions in the neighboring space of a large-scale rotating wind turbine during a thunderstorm was established in this article, and the validity of the model was verified by long gap discharge experiments on a scaled wind turbine. Based on the proposed model, the spatial and temporal distributions of charged particles in the neighboring area of the rotating wind turbine and the space charge-caused local electric field distortion scenario were obtained. The influence mechanism of blade rotation on corona discharge inception was further analyzed and elucidated accordingly. The results indicate that the charged particles are unevenly distributed near the rotating blade tip, and the contours present a strip-like shape, the critical area of which may facilitate corona discharge inception. As the blade speed increases from 6 to 20 rpm, the E-field extremum at the blade tip increases by 38%, causing the blade tip prone to initiate corona discharge. The critical rotating speeds corresponding to corona inception probability were calculated under different thundercloud-determined field strengths, and a safe boundary was defined, by which it is recommended that wind turbines operate at a reduced speed below 8 rpm under thundercloud conditions.

中文翻译：

---

旋转风力发电机附近雷云诱发的空间离子流及电晕起始的冲击机制


由于风机叶片空中雷电放电起爆机制尚不明确，雷击事故严重威胁风机的安全运行，其中风机旋转是主要影响因素之一。为了研究风力机旋转对电晕放电起始的影响机制，本文建立了雷暴期间大型旋转风力机邻近空间带电离子动态啮合数值模型，并验证了模型的有效性。模型通过规模化风力涡轮机上的长间隙放电实验进行了验证。基于所提出的模型，获得了旋转风力涡轮机邻近区域中带电粒子的时空分布以及空间电荷引起的局部电场畸变场景。进一步分析和阐明了叶片旋转对电晕放电起始的影响机制。结果表明，带电粒子在旋转叶片尖端附近分布不均匀，轮廓呈条状，其临界区域可能有利于电晕放电的起始。随着叶片转速从6转/分增加到20转/分钟，叶片尖端的电场极值增加38%，导致叶片尖端容易引发电晕放电。计算了不同雷云场强下电晕起始概率对应的临界转速，并定义了安全边界，建议风电机组在雷云条件下以低于8 rpm的减速运行。