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Analytical Evaluation of Mobile In Situ Soil Nitrate Infrared Sensor Designs for Precision Agriculture
IEEE Sensors Journal ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-13 , DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2021.3096856
Bingtao Gao , Alexander C. Walhof , David A. Laird , Fatima Toor , John P. Prineas

One approach to improving nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in crop production is to use infrared (IR) soil nitrate sensors to analyze soil nitrate and then spatially modulate fertilizer application rates. The most commonly used Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectrometers are sensitive to vibration and hence not suitable for real-time measurements in agricultural fields when mounted on tractors that experience severe vibrations as they are driven across a field. In this paper, we propose IR sensor designs to address the vibration issues currently limiting the use of IR spectroscopy for precision nitrogen fertilizer management in agriculture. We evaluate the performance of different nitrate sensor configurations based on diamond attenuated total reflection (D-ATR) spectrometers, that do not have moving parts and less sensitive to vibrations than FTIRs. We study sensor configurations based on the following infrared light sources: commercially available tunable quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), thermal sources, superluminescent diodes (SLDs), and superlattice light emitting diodes (SLEDs). Performance of the different sensor systems is evaluated and optimized to achieve maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We also propose a sensing limit variable, S, to characterize different sensor configurations. The work presented in this manuscript provides design options for agricultural nitrate sensors that can be rugged in the field and collect spectral data at fast rates with high SNR.

中文翻译:

用于精准农业的移动原位土壤硝酸盐红外传感器设计的分析评估

提高作物生产中氮肥使用效率的一种方法是使用红外 (IR) 土壤硝酸盐传感器分析土壤硝酸盐,然后在空间上调节施肥率。最常用的傅立叶变换红外 (FTIR) 光谱仪对振动很敏感,因此安装在拖拉机上时不适合在农田中进行实时测量,拖拉机在田间行驶时会经历剧烈振动。在本文中,我们提出了红外传感器设计,以解决目前限制使用红外光谱在农业中进行精确氮肥管理的振动问题。我们评估了基于金刚石衰减全反射 (D-ATR) 光谱仪的不同硝酸盐传感器配置的性能,没有活动部件并且对振动的敏感度低于 FTIR。我们研究基于以下红外光源的传感器配置:市售可调谐量子级联激光器 (QCL)、热源、超辐射发光二极管 (SLD) 和超晶格发光二极管 (SLED)。评估和优化不同传感器系统的性能以实现最大信噪比 (SNR)。我们还提出了一个传感极限变量 S,以表征不同的传感器配置。本手稿中介绍的工作为农业硝酸盐传感器提供了设计选项,这些传感器可以在现场坚固耐用,并以高 SNR 快速收集光谱数据。热源、超辐射发光二极管 (SLD) 和超晶格发光二极管 (SLED)。评估和优化不同传感器系统的性能以实现最大信噪比 (SNR)。我们还提出了一个传感极限变量 S,以表征不同的传感器配置。本手稿中介绍的工作为农业硝酸盐传感器提供了设计选项,这些传感器可以在现场坚固耐用,并以高 SNR 快速收集光谱数据。热源、超辐射发光二极管 (SLD) 和超晶格发光二极管 (SLED)。评估和优化不同传感器系统的性能以实现最大信噪比 (SNR)。我们还提出了一个传感极限变量 S,以表征不同的传感器配置。本手稿中介绍的工作为农业硝酸盐传感器提供了设计选项,这些传感器可以在现场坚固耐用,并以高 SNR 快速收集光谱数据。
更新日期:2021-09-17
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