If rooftop-installed solar energy systems generate more energy than locally consumed, the excess is fed into the electricity grid, increasing the voltage. Rising penetration levels of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems increase voltage levels, thereby threatening power quality. The extent to which solar PV cause grid issues in actual, nation-wide distribution grids, and how these issues correlate with cloud conditions and irradiance variability has yet to be quantified. This work provides a spatial and temporal characterization of overvoltage events linked to solar PV, using novel data sources. The analysis is based on over 200,000 events from advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) spanning 1/3rd of the Netherlands, combined with satellite observations and 1-minute irradiance measurements. As a result, we find that the typical duration of overvoltage events is in the order of 5 min, and frequently-reporting meters are geographically dispersed. While overvoltages are driven by high PV generation, we do not find evidence that local, short-term irradiance peaks result in additional events as compared to clear sky conditions. However, we do find that median overvoltage event occurrence on Sundays is more than 2.1 times that of weekdays, which can be related to low energy consumption. Our findings indicate PV hosting capacity to be reached throughout the service area simultaneously, and surprisingly show no reduction in event duration by inverter- or grid control. Notably, while a sharp increase in occurrence is observed, overvoltage events are still scarce in absolute terms, with only 0.1% of the AMI reporting more than 10 events in spring-summer 2020.

如果屋顶安装的太阳能系统产生的能量多于当地消耗的能量，多余的能量会被馈入电网，从而提高电压。太阳能光伏 (PV) 系统渗透水平的提高会增加电压水平，从而威胁到电能质量。太阳能光伏在实际的全国配电网中引起电网问题的程度，以及这些问题如何与云条件和辐照度变化相关联还有待量化。这项工作使用新颖的数据源提供了与太阳能光伏相关的过电压事件的空间和时间特征。该分析基于来自荷兰 1/3 地区的先进计量基础设施 (AMI) 的 200,000 多个事件，并结合卫星观测和 1 分钟辐照度测量。其结果，我们发现过电压事件的典型持续时间大约为 5 分钟，并且频繁报告的仪表在地理上是分散的。虽然过电压是由高光伏发电驱动的，但我们没有发现证据表明与晴朗的天空条件相比，局部的短期辐照峰值会导致额外的事件。但是，我们确实发现周日过电压事件发生的中位数是工作日的 2.1 倍以上，这可能与低能耗有关。我们的研究结果表明，光伏托管容量可以同时达到整个服务区域，而且令人惊讶的是，逆变器或电网控制并没有减少事件持续时间。值得注意的是，虽然观察到发生率急剧增加，但过压事件的绝对值仍然很少，只有 0。