Medicinal plants largely serve as a source of bioactive compounds in traditional medicines to cure various diseases. The present study was aimed at chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antihemolytic potential of five different extracts of G. hispida and H. crispum (Boraginaceae). G. hispida methanolic extract displayed highest number (eleven) of polyphenolic compounds by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Functional groups were identified by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and elements (Si, Fe, Ba, Mg, Ti, Ca, Mg and Cr) were observed by using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) which were also highly expressed in G. hispida as compared to H. crispum. Antioxidant activity was determined via six assays and antibacterial activity was observed in decreasing order of methanol > ethanol > chloroform > ethyl acetate > n-Hexane in both species. Cytotoxic potential was investigated against brine shrimps and then liver (HepG2) and skin (HT144) cancer cell lines which was detected highest in the G. hispida ethanolic extract (50.76 % and 72.95 %). However, H. crispum chloroform extract revealed highest (31.869 μg/mL) antihemolytic activity and its methanolic extract indicated highest (13.5 %) alpha-amylase inhibitory potential. Altogether, results suggested that both species could be used effectively in food and drug industries owing to the presence of vital bioactive compounds and elements. In future, we recommend to isolate active compounds and to perform in vivo biological assays to further validate their potential biological applications.

药用植物主要作为传统药物中生物活性化合物的来源，用于治疗各种疾病。本研究旨在研究 G. hispida 和H.criscum（紫草科）五种不同提取物的化学成分、抗氧化、抗菌、细胞毒性和抗溶血潜力。G. hispida甲醇提取物通过使用高效液相色谱 (HPLC) 显示出最高数量 (11) 的多酚化合物。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 鉴定官能团，并使用激光诱导击穿光谱 (LIBS) 观察元素（Si、Fe、Ba、Mg、Ti、Ca、Mg 和 Cr），这些元素也在G. hispida与H.crimpum相比. 抗氧化活性是通过六种测定确定的，并且在两种物种中观察到抗菌活性的降序为甲醇>乙醇>氯仿>乙酸乙酯>正己烷。研究了对盐水虾的细胞毒性潜力，然后是肝脏 (HepG2) 和皮肤 (HT144) 癌细胞系，在G. hispida乙醇提取物中检测到最高（50.76% 和 72.95%）。然而，H.crispum氯仿提取物显示出最高 (31.869 μg/mL) 抗溶血活性，其甲醇提取物显示出最高 (13.5%) α-淀粉酶抑制潜力。总之，结果表明，由于存在重要的生物活性化合物和元素，这两种物种都可以有效地用于食品和药物行业。将来，我们建议分离活性化合物并进行体内生物测定，以进一步验证其潜在的生物应用。