Targeted cancer therapy is rapidly evolving the landscape of personalized health care. Novel approaches to selectively impeding tumour growth carry significant potential to improve survival outcomes, particularly for reproductive-aged patients harbouring treatment refractory disease. Current agents fall within two classes: immunotherapy and small molecule inhibitors. These are collectively divided into the following subclasses: monoclonal antibodies; immunomodulators; adoptive cell therapy; treatment vaccines; kinase inhibitors; proteasome inhibitors; metalloproteinase and heat shock protein inhibitors; and promoters of apoptosis. The short- and long-term effects of these treatments on the female reproductive system are not well understood. As a result, clinicians are rendered unable to appropriately counsel women on downstream effects to their fertility. Data-driven consensus recommendations are desperately needed. This review aims to characterize the effect of targeted cancer therapy on the female hypothalamic–pituitary–ovary axis, direct ovarian function and conception.

靶向癌症治疗正在迅速改变个性化医疗保健的格局。选择性阻止肿瘤生长的新方法具有改善生存结果的巨大潜力，特别是对于患有难治性疾病的育龄患者。目前的药物分为两类：免疫疗法和小分子抑制剂。它们统称为以下亚类：单克隆抗体；免疫调节剂；过继细胞疗法；治疗疫苗；激酶抑制剂；蛋白酶体抑制剂；金属蛋白酶和热休克蛋白抑制剂；和细胞凋亡的促进剂。这些治疗对女性生殖系统的短期和长期影响尚不清楚。因此，临床医生无法就其生育能力的下游影响向妇女提供适当的咨询。迫切需要数据驱动的共识建议。本综述旨在描述靶向癌症治疗对女性下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴、直接卵巢功能和受孕的影响。