Melanoma is one of the most dangerous types of cutaneous neoplasms, which are pigment-producing cells of neuroectodermal origin found all over the body. A great deal of research is focused on the mechanisms of melanoma to promote better diagnostic and treatment options for melanoma in its advanced stages. The progression of melanoma involves alteration in different levels of gene expression. With the successful implementation of next-generation sequencing technology, an increasing number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) sequences have been discovered, and a significant number of them have phenotypic effects in both in vitro and in vivo studies, implying that they play an important role in the occurrence and progression of human cancers, particularly melanoma. A number of evidence indicated that lncRNAs are important regulators in tumor cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, immune escape, energy metabolism, drug resistance, epigenetic regulation. To better understand the role of lncRNAs in melanoma tumorigenesis, we categorize melanoma-associated lncRNAs according to their cellular functions and associations with gene expression and signaling pathways in this review. Based on the mechanisms of lncRNA, we discuss the possibility of lncRNA-target treatments, and the application of liquid biopsies to detect lncRNAs in melanoma diagnosis and prognosis.

黑色素瘤是最危险的皮肤肿瘤类型之一，它是遍布全身的神经外胚层起源的色素生成细胞。大量研究集中在黑色素瘤的机制上，以促进晚期黑色素瘤更好的诊断和治疗选择。黑色素瘤的进展涉及不同水平基因表达的改变。随着新一代测序技术的成功实施，越来越多的长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）序列被发现，其中相当一部分在体外和体内都具有表型效应研究表明它们在人类癌症，尤其是黑色素瘤的发生和发展中发挥着重要作用。大量证据表明，lncRNAs是肿瘤细胞增殖、侵袭、凋亡、免疫逃逸、能量代谢、耐药性、表观遗传调控等重要调控因子。为了更好地理解 lncRNA 在黑色素瘤肿瘤发生中的作用，我们在这篇综述中根据它们的细胞功能以及与基因表达和信号通路的关联对黑色素瘤相关的 lncRNA 进行了分类。基于lncRNA的机制，我们讨论了lncRNA靶向治疗的可能性，以及液体活检检测lncRNA在黑色素瘤诊断和预后中的应用。