The 2020 U.S. Presidential Election offered a unique opportunity to examine how stereotypes of older adults, older men, and male leaders impact expectations of candidate job performance and intentions to vote for Biden or Trump. This online study involved 500 college students from two universities from September 30th until November 3 (Election Day). A Biden model and a Trump model were tested for the relationships among (a) stereotypes from public discourse with (b) expectations of candidates/ presidential performance with (c) voting stance (pro- and anti-Biden vs. pro- and anti-Trump) and (d) intentions to vote for Biden/Trump. As expected, for the Biden model, endorsement of older adult (lesser endorsement of senile, unhealthy), male leadership (greater endorsement of assertive and collaborative, lesser endorsement of uncaring), and older male stereotypes (greater endorsement of elder statesman and family-focused) predicted greater expectations of Biden's performance, which predicted pro-Biden and anti-Trump stances and ultimately voting intentions for Biden. As expected, for the Trump model, endorsement of older adult (lesser endorsement of senile), male leadership (greater endorsement of assertive, collaborative, lesser endorsement of immoral and uncaring), and older male stereotypes (greater endorsement of elder statesman) predicted greater expectations of Trump's performance, which predicted pro-Trump and anti-Biden stances and ultimately voting intentions for Trump. Taken together, these results suggest examining relevant categories of stereotypes associated with candidates and voting stances provides a fuller picture of voting behavior toward multiple candidates vying for office in addition to political ideology and voting intentions.

中文翻译：

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对老年人、老年男性和男性领导人的刻板印象的认可预测了 2020 年美国总统大选中的预期工作表现、投票立场和投票意图

2020 年美国总统大选提供了一个独特的机会，可以研究对老年人、老年男性和男性领导人的刻板印象如何影响对候选人工作表现的预期以及投票给拜登或特朗普的意图。从 9 月 30 日到 11 月 3 日（选举日），这项在线研究涉及来自两所大学的 500 名大学生。对拜登模型和特朗普模型进行了测试，以了解 (a) 来自公共话语的刻板印象与 (b) 对候选人/总统表现的期望与 (c) 投票立场（支持和反对拜登与支持和反对拜登）之间的关系。特朗普）和（d）打算投票给拜登/特朗普。正如预期的那样，对于拜登模型，支持老年人（较少支持老年、不健康）、男性领导（较多支持自信和协作，较少支持冷漠），和年长的男性刻板印象（对年长政治家和以家庭为中心的更多支持）预测了对拜登表现的更大期望，这预测了支持拜登和反特朗普的立场以及最终对拜登的投票意图。正如预期的那样，对于特朗普模型，对老年人的认可（对老年的认可较少）、男性领导力（对自信、合作的更多认可，对不道德和冷漠的更少认可）和老年男性刻板印象（对老年政治家的更多认可）预测更大对特朗普表现的预期，这预测了亲特朗普和反拜登的立场以及最终对特朗普的投票意图。综合起来，