The primary motor cortex (M1) is crucial for motor learning; however, its interaction with other brain areas during motor learning remains unclear. We hypothesized that the fronto-parietal execution network (FPN) provides learning-related information critical for the flexible cognitive control that is required for practice. We assessed network-level changes during sequential finger tapping learning under speed pressure by combining magnetic resonance spectroscopy and task and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. There was a motor learning-related increase in preparatory activity in the fronto-parietal regions, including the right M1, overlapping the FPN and sensorimotor network (SMN). Learning-related increases in M1-seeded functional connectivity with the FPN, but not the SMN, were associated with decreased GABA/glutamate ratio in the M1, which were more prominent in the parietal than the frontal region. A decrease in the GABA/glutamate ratio in the right M1 was positively correlated with improvements in task performance (p = 0.042). Our findings indicate that motor learning driven by cognitive control is associated with local variations in the GABA/glutamate ratio in the M1 that reflects remote connectivity with the FPN, representing network-level motor sequence learning formations.

初级运动皮层 (M1) 对运动学习至关重要；然而，它在运动学习过程中与其他大脑区域的相互作用仍不清楚。我们假设额顶叶执行网络 (FPN) 提供与学习相关的信息，这些信息对于练习所需的灵活认知控制至关重要。我们通过结合磁共振波谱与任务和静息态功能磁共振成像，评估了速度压力下连续手指敲击学习过程中的网络级变化。额顶叶区域（包括右侧 M1）与 FPN 和感觉运动网络 (SMN) 重叠的准备活动与运动学习相关的增加。与 FPN 而非 SMN 的 M1 种子功能连接的学习相关增加，与 M1 中 GABA/谷氨酸比率降低有关，这在顶叶区域比额叶区域更为突出。右侧 M1 中 GABA/谷氨酸比率的降低与任务表现的改善呈正相关（p  = 0.042）。我们的研究结果表明，由认知控制驱动的运动学习与 M1 中 GABA/谷氨酸比率的局部变化相关，这反映了与 FPN 的远程连接，代表网络级运动序列学习形成。