This study intends to evaluate the ratcheting response of biological samples prepared from bovine and porcine trabecular bone, articular cartilage, meniscus, and skin tissues and tested under asymmetric (nonzero mean stress) cycles. Meniscus and skin samples were tested with stress ratios of R=0.1 and R=0.6, respectively, while other tissues were tested at R=0. Experimental ratcheting data and related influential parameters including stress level, stress rate, and testing frequency were discussed. A parametric ratcheting equation was further calibrated to estimate the ratcheting response of tissues. The predicted ratcheting data were found to be in close agreement with the reported experimental data.

中文翻译：

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不对称加载周期下生物组织的棘轮评估

本研究旨在评估从牛和猪骨小梁、关节软骨、半月板和皮肤组织制备的生物样品的棘轮反应，并在不对称（非零平均应力）循环下进行测试。半月板和皮肤样本的应力比为R=0.1和R=0.6，分别，而其他组织在R=0. 讨论了实验棘轮数据和相关影响参数，包括应力水平、应力率和测试频率。进一步校准参数棘轮方程以估计组织的棘轮响应。发现预测的棘轮数据与报告的实验数据非常一致。