Parallel test forms are ubiquitous in the educational, aptitude, achievement, and licensure testing. The problem of automated assembling of parallel test forms has been extensively explored for almost 40 years. Many different mathematical models of the problem formulations and a plenty of different solutions have emerged over the last two decades, indicating that the problem has matured. However, its investigation is still challenging, especially today, when the importance of distance learning and remote knowledge testing is rapidly growing. The diversity of proposed approaches originated notably from the variety of scientific fields involved such as psychometrics, applied mathematics, operations research, and artificial intelligence. Majority of solutions of the problem are (meta)heuristics-based, since they consider the problem as a combinatorial optimization problem which is NP-hard. In this paper, a comprehensive review of this research field, referring to related works since 1985, is conducted. Problem formulations and solutions of the problem are separately classified. Possible avenues of future research are pointed out.

中文翻译：

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并行测试表格自动组装中问题公式和（元）启发式解决方案的调查

平行测试形式在教育、能力、成就和执照测试中无处不在。近 40 年来，已经广泛探索了并行测试表格的自动组装问题。在过去的二十年中，出现了许多不同的问题表述数学模型和大量不同的解决方案，表明该问题已经成熟。然而，它的调查仍然具有挑战性，尤其是在今天，远程学习和远程知识测试的重要性正在迅速增长。所提出方法的多样性主要源于所涉及的各种科学领域，例如心理测量学、应用数学、运筹学和人工智能。该问题的大多数解决方案是基于（元）启发式的，因为他们认为这个问题是一个 NP-hard 的组合优化问题。本文参照 1985 年以来的相关工作，对该研究领域进行了全面回顾。问题的提出和问题的解决方案是分开分类的。指出了未来研究的可能途径。