Anti-Indigenous racism has predominantly been understood in Latin America through the lens of culture, epistemology, and embodied nonphenotypical traits. Phenotype-based discrimination is an underemphasized aspect of race in the region, especially in spaces with a high Indigenous population. This article ethnographically captures the distinct forms in which Indigenous people are racialized for phenotypical traits in Andean Bolivia, with a special focus on three interrelated spheres: the labor market, everyday social interactions, and intimate relations/kinship. It reveals how phenotype-based racialization generates representations, structures access to resources, and influences processes of socioeconomic mobility. Moreover, the fluidity of systems of racial classification in Latin America leads to phenotype-based discrimination receding in some contexts but resurfacing in others, thereby making it more formidable. The article also highlights the intersection of race and gender in the pigmentocratic structuring of the social order.

中文翻译：

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表型的力量：迈向安第斯玻利维亚色素统治的民族志

在拉丁美洲，反土著种族主义主要是通过文化、认识论和体现的非表型特征来理解的。基于表型的歧视是该地区种族的一个被低估的方面，尤其是在土著人口较多的地方。本文从民族志角度捕捉安第斯玻利维亚土著人因表型特征而被种族化的不同形式，特别关注三个相互关联的领域：劳动力市场、日常社会互动和亲密关系/亲属关系。它揭示了基于表型的种族化如何产生表征、构建对资源的访问以及影响社会经济流动的过程。而且，拉丁美洲种族分类系统的流动性导致基于表型的歧视在某些情况下会消退，但在其他情况下会重新出现，从而使其更加强大。这篇文章还强调了种族和性别在社会秩序的色素控制结构中的交集。