The penis is the primary site of HIV acquisition in heterosexual men. Elevated penile inflammatory cytokines increase sexual acquisition risk, and topically applied cytokines enhance foreskin HIV susceptibility in an explant model. However, the impact of penile-vaginal sex on these immune parameters is undefined. Heterosexual couples were recruited to the Sex, Couples and Science (SECS) Study, with the collection of penile swabs, semen, cervico-vaginal secretions, and blood after a period of abstinence, and repeated sampling up to 72 hours after either condomless (n=30) or condom-protected (n=8) penile-vaginal sex. Soluble immune parameters were quantified by multiplex immunoassay. Co-primary immune endpoints were penile levels of IL-8 and MIG, cytokines previously linked to penile HIV acquisition. One hour after sex there were dramatic increases in penile IL-8 and MIG levels, regardless of condom use, with a gradual return to baseline by 72 hours; similar patterns were observed for other chemoattractant chemokines. Penile cytokine changes were similar in circumcised and uncircumcised men, and repeated measures ANOVA and ANCOVA models demonstrated that the degree of change after condomless sex was explained by cytokine levels in their partners’ cervico-vaginal secretions. This may have important implications for the biology of penile HIV acquisition.

中文翻译：

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插入性阴道性交对 HIV 易感性的阴茎免疫相关性具有深远的影响

阴茎是异性恋男性感染艾滋病毒的主要部位。阴茎炎性细胞因子升高会增加性获得风险，而局部应用的细胞因子会增强外植体模型中包皮 HIV 的易感性。然而，阴茎 - 阴道性交对这些免疫参数的影响是不确定的。异性恋夫妇被招募到性、夫妻和科学 (SECS) 研究中，在禁欲一段时间后收集阴茎拭子、精液、宫颈阴道分泌物和血液，并在不使用避孕套（n =30) 或避孕套保护 (n=8) 阴茎阴道性交。可溶性免疫参数通过多重免疫测定进行量化。共同主要免疫终点是阴茎 IL-8 和 MIG 的水平，这些细胞因子以前与阴茎 HIV 感染有关。性交后一小时，无论是否使用避孕套，阴茎 IL-8 和 MIG 水平都显着升高，并在 72 小时内逐渐恢复到基线水平；其他趋化趋化因子也观察到了类似的模式。包皮环切和未割包皮男性的阴茎细胞因子变化相似，重复测量方差分析和 ANCOVA 模型表明，无安全套性行为后的变化程度可以通过其伴侣宫颈阴道分泌物中的细胞因子水平来解释。这可能对阴茎 HIV 感染的生物学具有重要意义。重复测量方差分析和 ANCOVA 模型表明，无安全套性行为后的变化程度可以通过其伴侣宫颈阴道分泌物中的细胞因子水平来解释。这可能对阴茎 HIV 感染的生物学具有重要意义。重复测量方差分析和 ANCOVA 模型表明，无安全套性行为后的变化程度可以通过其伴侣宫颈阴道分泌物中的细胞因子水平来解释。这可能对阴茎 HIV 感染的生物学具有重要意义。