The subtype prevalence, drug resistance- and pathogenicity-associated mutations, and the distribution of the influenza A virus (IAV) isolates identified in Bangladesh from 2002 to 2019 were analyzed using bioinformatic tools. A total of 30 IAV subtypes have been identified in humans (4), avian species (29), and environment (5) in Bangladesh. The predominant subtypes in human and avian species are H1N1/H3N2 and H5N1/H9N2, respectively. However, the subtypes H5N1/H9N2 infecting humans and H3N2/H1N1 infecting avian species have also been identified. Among the avian species, the maximum number of subtypes (27) have been identified in ducks. A 3.56% of the isolates showed neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) resistance with a prevalence of 8.50, 1.33, and 2.67% in avian species, humans, and the environment, respectively, the following mutations were detected: V116A, I117V, D198N, I223R, S247N, H275Y, and N295S. Prevalence of adamantane-resistant IAVs was 100, 50, and 30.54% in humans, the environment, and avian species, respectively, the subtypes H3N2, H1N1, H9N2, and H5N2 were highly prevalent, with the subtype H5N1 showing a comparatively lower prevalence. Important PB2 mutations such D9N, K526R, A588V, A588I, G590S, Q591R, E627K, K702R, and S714R were identified. A wide range of IAV subtypes have been identified in Bangladesh with a diversified genetic variation in the NA, M2, and PB2 proteins providing drug resistance and enhanced pathogenicity. This study provides a detailed analysis of the subtypes, and the host range of the IAV isolates and the genetic variations related to their proteins, which may aid in the prevention, treatment, and control of IAV infections in Bangladesh, and would serve as a basis for future investigations.

使用生物信息学工具分析了 2002 年至 2019 年在孟加拉国发现的亚型流行率、耐药性和致病性相关突变以及甲型流感病毒 (IAV) 分离株的分布。在孟加拉国的人类 (4)、鸟类 (29) 和环境 (5) 中，共鉴定出 30 种 IAV 亚型。人类和禽类的主要亚型分别是 H1N1/H3N2 和 H5N1/H9N2。然而，感染人类的​​ H5N1/H9N2 亚型和感染禽类的 H3N2/H1N1 亚型也已被确定。在鸟类物种中，鸭子中鉴定的亚型数量最多（27 个）。3.56% 的分离株表现出神经氨酸酶抑制剂 (NAI) 耐药性，在鸟类、人类和环境中的流行率分别为 8.50、1.33 和 2.67%，检测到以下突变：V116A、I117V、D198N、I223R、S247N、H275Y 和 N295S。耐金刚烷 IAV 在人类、环境和鸟类中的流行率分别为 100%、50% 和 30.54%，其中 H3N2、H1N1、H9N2 和 H5N2 亚型高度流行，而 H5N1 亚型的流行率相对较低。鉴定了重要的 PB2 突变，例如 D9N、K526R、A588V、A588I、G590S、Q591R、E627K、K702R 和 S714R。孟加拉国已鉴定出多种 IAV 亚型，其 NA、M2 和 PB2 蛋白具有多样化的遗传变异，可提供耐药性和增强的致病性。本研究详细分析了 IAV 分离株的亚型、宿主范围以及与其蛋白质相关的遗传变异，这可能有助于孟加拉国 IAV 感染的预防、治疗和控制。