There is increasing evidence that lung-resident memory T and B cells play a critical role in protecting against respiratory reinfection. With a unique transcriptional and phenotypic profile, resident memory lymphocytes are maintained in a quiescent state, constantly surveying the lung for microbial intruders. Upon reactivation with cognate antigen, these cells provide rapid effector function to enhance immunity and prevent infection. Immunization strategies designed to induce their formation, alongside novel techniques enabling their detection, have the potential to accelerate and transform vaccine development. Despite most data originating from murine studies, this review will discuss recent insights into the generation, maintenance and characterisation of pulmonary resident memory lymphocytes in the context of respiratory infection and vaccination using recent findings from human and non-human primate studies.

越来越多的证据表明，肺内存在的记忆 T 细胞和 B 细胞在防止呼吸道再感染方面发挥着关键作用。凭借独特的转录和表型特征，常驻记忆淋巴细胞保持静止状态，不断检查肺部是否有微生物入侵者。当用同源抗原重新激活时，这些细胞提供快速效应功能以增强免疫力并预防感染。旨在诱导其形成的免疫策略，以及能够检测其的新技术，有可能加速和改变疫苗的开发。尽管大多数数据来自小鼠研究，但本综述将利用人类和非人类灵长类动物研究的最新发现，讨论呼吸道感染和疫苗接种背景下肺部驻留记忆淋巴细胞的生成、维持和特征的最新见解。