This systematic and meta-analytic review aimed to investigate the effects of physical exercise on the working memory of older adults, and to identify the moderators of these effects. We searched six electronic databases for randomized controlled trials on the effects of physical exercise on working memory that were published before or on May 15, 2020. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. Stata 14.0 software was used to perform the meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and publication bias testing. A total of 28 studies and 2156 participants were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was fair to excellent, and there was no publication bias. Overall, we found that physical exercise had a significant effect on working memory in older adults (standardized mean difference = 0.30, p < 0.0001). The effects of physical exercise on working memory were moderated by exercise frequency, intensity, type, duration, cognitive status, and control subgroup (active/passive), but not by intervention period or age of participant. Physical exercise can effectively improve the working memory of older adults. The recommended physical exercise is multi-component exercise or mind–body exercise of moderate intensity for 45–60 min 3 times a week, for more than 6 months.

中文翻译：

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体育锻炼对老年人工作记忆的影响：系统和元分析评价

这项系统和元分析综述旨在调查体育锻炼对老年人工作记忆的影响，并确定这些影响的调节因素。我们在 6 个电子数据库中检索了 2020 年 5 月 15 日之前或5 月15 日之前发表的关于体育锻炼对工作记忆影响的随机对照试验。PEDro 量表用于评估纳入研究的方法学质量。采用Stata 14.0软件进行荟萃分析、亚组分析和发表偏倚测试。共纳入 28 项研究和 2156 名参与者。纳入研究的方法学质量一般至优，无发表偏倚。总体而言，我们发现体育锻炼对老年人的工作记忆有显着影响（标准化平均差 = 0.30，p < 0.0001)。体育锻炼对工作记忆的影响受锻炼频率、强度、类型、持续时间、认知状态和控制亚组（主动/被动）的影响，但不受干预时间或参与者年龄的影响。体育锻炼可以有效提高老年人的工作记忆力。推荐的体育锻炼为每周 3 次、每次 45-60 分钟的中等强度的综合运动或身心锻炼，持续时间超过 6 个月。