There has been a fundamental failure to translate preclinically supported research into clinically efficacious treatments for psychiatric disorders. One of the greatest impediments toward improving this species gap has been the difficulty of identifying translatable neurophysiological signals that are related to specific behavioral constructs. Here, we present evidence from three paradigms that were completed by humans and mice using analogous procedures, with each task eliciting candidate a priori defined electrophysiological signals underlying effortful motivation, reinforcement learning, and cognitive control. The effortful motivation was assessed using a progressive ratio breakpoint task, yielding a similar decrease in alpha-band activity over time in both species. Reinforcement learning was assessed via feedback in a probabilistic learning task with delta power significantly modulated by reward surprise in both species. Additionally, cognitive control was assessed in the five-choice continuous performance task, yielding response-locked theta power seen across species, and modulated by difficulty in humans. Together, these successes, and also the teachings from these failures, provide a roadmap towards the use of electrophysiology as a method for translating findings from the preclinical assays to the clinical settings.

将临床前支持的研究转化为对精神疾病的临床有效治疗一直存在根本性的失败。改善这一物种差距的最大障碍之一是难以识别与特定行为结构相关的可翻译神经生理学信号。在这里，我们展示了三个范例的证据，这些范例由人类和老鼠使用类似的程序完成，每个任务都会引发候选者先验定义的电生理信号，这些信号是努力动机、强化学习和认知控制的基础。使用渐进比率断点任务评估努力动机，在两个物种中随着时间的推移产生类似的 alpha 波段活动减少。强化学习是通过概率学习任务中的反馈来评估的，三角洲功率在两个物种中都受到奖励惊喜的显着调节。此外，认知控制在五项选择连续执行任务中进行了评估，产生跨物种的反应锁定θ功率，并受人类难度的调节。总之，这些成功以及这些失败的教训，提供了使用电生理学作为将临床前检测结果转化为临床环境的方法的路线图。