Based on the reverse asymmetric time synchronization framework, we have proposed several schemes with a major focus on the energy efficiency and computational complexity of a large number of battery-powered, low-cost sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). To address the cumulative end-to-end synchronization error, we have also introduced an idea of compensating for the processing delays at packet-relaying gateways as an energy-efficient way of multi-hop extension of WSN time synchronization schemes. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of the multi-hop extension of WSN time synchronization schemes based on packet-relaying gateways with the per-hop delay compensation and the results of extensive experiments for the energy-efficient time synchronization schemes based on the reverse asymmetric time synchronization framework together with the flooding time synchronization protocol as a representative of existing schemes. Experimental results based on a real testbed demonstrate that the multi-hop extension based on packet-relaying gateways with the per-hop delay compensation greatly improves the performance of time synchronization of all the schemes considered compared to the multi-hop extension based on the conventional time-translating gateways.

中文翻译：

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基于具有每跳延迟补偿的数据包中继网关提高无线传感器网络中的多跳时间同步性能


基于反向非对称时间同步框架，我们提出了几种方案，主要关注无线传感器网络（WSN）中大量电池供电、低成本传感器节点的能源效率和计算复杂性。为了解决累积的端到端同步误差，我们还引入了补偿数据包中继网关处理延迟的想法，作为 WSN 时间同步方案多跳扩展的节能方式。在本文中，我们全面分析了基于具有每跳延迟补偿的分组中继网关的WSN时间同步方案的多跳扩展，以及基于节能时间同步方案的大量实验结果。反向非对称时间同步框架与泛洪时间同步协议一起作为现有方案的代表。基于真实测试台的实验结果表明，基于每跳时延补偿的分组中继网关的多跳扩展与基于传统方法的多跳扩展相比，大大提高了所有考虑的方案的时间同步性能。时间转换网关。