From biological systems to cyber-physical systems, monitoring the behavior of such dynamical systems often requires to reason about complex spatio-temporal properties of physical and/or computational entities that are dynamically interconnected and arranged in a particular spatial configuration. Spatio-Temporal Reach and Escape Logic (STREL) is a recent logic-based formal language designed to specify and to reason about spatio-temporal properties. STREL considers each system's entity as a node of a dynamic weighted graph representing their spatial arrangement. Each node generates a set of mixed-analog signals describing the evolution over time of computational and physical quantities characterising the node's behavior. While there are offline algorithms available for monitoring STREL specifications over logged simulation traces, here we investigate for the first time an online algorithm enabling the runtime verification during the system's execution or simulation. Our approach extends the original framework by considering imprecise signals and by enhancing the logics' semantics with the possibility to express partial guarantees about the conformance of the system's behavior with its specification. Finally, we demonstrate our approach in a real-world environmental monitoring case study.

中文翻译：

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不精确信号的时空特性在线监测

从生物系统到网络物理系统，监控此类动态系统的行为通常需要推理物理和/或计算实体的复杂时空特性，这些实体和/或计算实体动态互连并排列在特定的空间配置中。时空到达和逃逸逻辑 (STREL) 是一种最新的基于逻辑的形式语言，旨在指定和推理时空属性。STREL 将每个系统的实体视为表示其空间排列的动态加权图的节点。每个节点生成一组混合模拟信号，描述表征节点行为的计算量和物理量随时间的演变。虽然有离线算法可用于通过记录的模拟轨迹监控 STREL 规范，在这里，我们首次研究了一种在线算法，可在系统执行或模拟期间启用运行时验证。我们的方法通过考虑不精确的信号并通过增强逻辑的语义来扩展原始框架，并有可能表达系统行为与其规范的一致性的部分保证。最后，我们在现实世界的环境监测案例研究中展示了我们的方法。