The societal issue of digital hostility has previously attracted a lot of attention. The topic counts an ample body of literature, yet remains prominent and challenging as ever due to its subjective nature. We posit that a better understanding of this problem will require the use of causal inference frameworks. This survey summarises the relevant research that revolves around estimations of causal effects related to online hate speech. Initially, we provide an argumentation as to why re-establishing the exploration of hate speech in causal terms is of the essence. Following that, we give an overview of the leading studies classified with respect to the direction of their outcomes, as well as an outline of all related research, and a summary of open research problems that can influence future work on the topic.

中文翻译：

---

通过因果视角对在线仇恨言论的调查

数字敌意的社会问题此前引起了很多关注。该主题包含大量文献，但由于其主观性，仍然一如既往地突出和具有挑战性。我们假设更好地理解这个问题需要使用因果推理框架。本调查总结了围绕与在线仇恨言论相关的因果影响估计的相关研究。最初，我们论证了为什么重新建立对因果关系的仇恨言论的探索至关重要。接下来，我们概述了按结果方向分类的领先研究，以及所有相关研究的概述，以及可能影响该主题未来工作的开放研究问题的摘要。