In the face of climate change, water deficit and increasing soil salinity pose an even greater challenge to olive cultivation in the Mediterranean basin. Due to its tolerance to abiotic stresses, wild olive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris) presents a good candidate in breeding climate-resilient olive varieties. In this study, the early response of the native Croatian wild olive genotype (WOG) to salinity was evaluated and compared with that of well-known cultivars (cv.) Leccino and Koroneiki. Potted olive plants were exposed either to 150 mM NaCl or 300 mM mannitol for 3 weeks to distinguish between the osmotic and ionic components of salt stress. To determine the impact of the plant age on salinity, 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old WOG plants were used in the study. The growth parameters of both the cultivars and WOG of different ages decreased in response to the mannitol treatment. In contrast to cv. Leccino, the NaCl treatment did not significantly affect the growth of cv. Koroneiki or WOG of any age. The contents of Na+ and Cl- were considerably higher in the salt-treated WOG, regardless of age, compared with the cultivars. However, while both treatments significantly reduced the K+ content of cv. Koroneiki, that nutrient was not significantly affected in either cv. Leccino or WOG. Unlike the cultivars and older WOG, the NaCl treatment caused a significant decline of photosynthetic pigments in the 1-year-old WOG. The cultivars and WOG of different ages experienced a similar drop in the chlorophyll a content under the isotonic mannitol treatment. The absence of lipid peroxidation, modulation of superoxide dismutase, and guaiacol peroxidase activity were noted in all WOG ages under both stressors. These data suggest that WOG resilience to salinity is associated with its large leaf capacity for Na+ and Cl- accumulation, K+ retention, and its adaptable antioxidative mechanisms. The results are promising with regard to obtaining a new olive cultivar with better resilience to soil salinity.

中文翻译：

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野生橄榄（Olea europaea Subsp. europaea var. sylvestris）对盐度的生理和生化反应。

面对气候变化，缺水和土壤盐分增加对地中海盆地的橄榄种植提出了更大的挑战。由于其对非生物胁迫的耐受性，野生橄榄（Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris）是培育气候适应型橄榄品种的良好候选者。在这项研究中，评估了当地克罗地亚野生橄榄基因型 (WOG) 对盐度的早期反应，并与著名品种 (cv.) Leccino 和 Koroneiki 的早期反应进行了比较。盆栽橄榄植物暴露于 150 mM NaCl 或 300 mM 甘露醇 3 周，以区分盐胁迫的渗透和离子成分。为了确定植物年龄对盐度的影响，研究中使用了 1、2 和 3 年生的 WOG 植物。不同年龄的栽培品种和WOG的生长参数均响应甘露醇处理而降低。与简历相反。Leccino，NaCl 处理没有显着影响 cv. 的生长。任何年龄的 Koroneiki 或 WOG。与栽培品种相比，无论年龄如何，盐处理过的 WOG 中 Na+ 和 Cl- 的含量都相当高。然而，虽然两种处理都显着降低了 cv 的 K+ 含量。Koroneiki，该营养素在任何一个 cv 中都没有受到显着影响。莱奇诺或 WOG。与栽培品种和较老的 WOG 不同，NaCl 处理导致 1 年生 WOG 的光合色素显着下降。在等渗甘露醇处理下，不同年龄的栽培品种和WOG经历了类似的叶绿素a含量下降。没有脂质过氧化，超氧化物歧化酶的调节和愈创木酚过氧化物酶活性在两种压力源下的所有 WOG 年龄中均被观察到。这些数据表明，WOG 对盐度的恢复与其叶片对 Na+ 和 Cl- 的积累、K+ 的保留以及适应性强的抗氧化机制有关。在获得对土壤盐分具有更好恢复能力的新橄榄品种方面，结果很有希望。