The bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (PG) is a dynamic structure that is constantly synthesized, re-modeled and degraded during bacterial division and growth. Postsynthetic modifications modulate the action of endogenous autolysis during PG lysis and remodeling for growth and sporulation, but also they are a mechanism used by pathogenic bacteria to evade the host innate immune system. Modifications of the glycan backbone are limited to the C-2 amine and C-6 hydroxyl moieties of either GlcNAc or MurNAc residues. This paper reviews the functional roles and properties of peptidoglycan de-Nacetylases (distinct PG GlcNAc and MurNAc deacetylases) and recent progress through genetic studies and biochemical characterization to elucidate their mechanism of action, 3D structures, substrate specificities and biological functions. Since they are virulence factors in pathogenic bacteria, peptidoglycan deacetylases are potential targets for the design of novel antimicrobial agents.

中文翻译：

---

细菌细胞壁重塑和发病机制中的肽聚糖脱乙酰酶。

细菌细胞壁肽聚糖（PG）是一种动态结构，在细菌分裂和生长过程中不断合成、重塑和降解。合成后修饰在 PG 裂解和重塑生长和孢子形成过程中调节内源性自溶的作用，但它们也是病原菌用来逃避宿主先天免疫系统的一种机制。聚糖骨架的修饰仅限于 GlcNAc 或 MurNAc 残基的 C-2 胺和 C-6 羟基部分。本文回顾了肽聚糖去乙酰化酶（不同的 PG GlcNAc 和 MurNAc 去乙酰化酶）的功能作用和特性，以及通过遗传学研究和生化表征阐明其作用机制、3D 结构、底物特异性和生物学功能的最新进展。