The Australian backyard mosquito, Aedes notoscriptus, is a highly urbanised pest species that has invaded New Zealand and the USA. Importantly, Ae. notoscriptus has been implicated as a vector of Ross River virus, a common and arthritogenic arbovirus in Australia, and is a laboratory vector of numerous other pathogenic viruses, including West Nile, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. To further explore live viruses harboured by field populations of Ae. notoscriptus and, more specifically, assess the genetic diversity of its virome, we processed 495 pools, comprising a total of 6,674 female Ae. notoscriptus collected across fifteen suburbs in Brisbane, Australia, between January 2018 and May 2019. Nine virus isolates were recovered and characterised by metagenomic sequencing and phylogenetics. The principal viral family represented was Flaviviridae. Known viruses belonging to the genera Flavivirus, Orbivirus, Mesonivirus, and Nelorpivirus were identified together with two novel virus species, including a divergent Thogoto-like orthomyxovirus and an insect-specific flavivirus. Among these, we recovered three Stratford virus (STRV) isolates and an isolate of Wongorr virus (WGRV), which for these viral species is unprecedented for the geographical area of Brisbane. Thus, the documented geographical distribution of STRV and WGRV, both known for their respective medical and veterinary importance, has now been expanded to include this major urban centre. Phylogenies of the remaining five viruses, namely, Casuarina, Ngewotan, the novel Thogoto-like virus, and two new flavivirus species, suggested they are insect-specific viruses. None of these viruses have been previously associated with Ae. notoscriptus or been reported in Brisbane. These findings exemplify the rich genetic diversity and viral abundance within the Ae. notoscriptus virome and further highlight this species as a vector of concern with the potential to transmit viruses impacting human or animal health. Considering it is a common pest and vector in residential areas and is expanding its global distribution, ongoing surveillance, and ecological study of Ae. notoscriptus, together with mapping of its virome and phenotypic characterisation of isolated viruses, is clearly warranted. Immanently, these initiatives are essential for future understanding of both the mosquito virome and the evolution of individual viral species.

中文翻译：

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揭示白纹伊蚊病毒组内的遗传多样性，并从这种高度城市化和侵入性的蚊子中分离出新病毒

澳大利亚后院蚊子 Aedes notoscriptus 是一种高度城市化的害虫物种，已侵入新西兰和美国。重要的是，Ae。notoscriptus 被认为是罗斯河病毒的载体，罗斯河病毒是澳大利亚常见的一种致关节炎虫媒病毒，并且是许多其他致病病毒的实验室载体，包括西尼罗河病毒、黄热病病毒和寨卡病毒。进一步探索 Ae 田间种群所携带的活病毒。notoscriptus，更具体地说，评估其病毒组的遗传多样性，我们处理了 495 个库，总共包括 6,674 个雌性 Ae。notoscriptus 在 2018 年 1 月至 2019 年 5 月期间在澳大利亚布里斯班的 15 个郊区收集。回收了 9 种病毒分离株，并通过宏基因组测序和系统发育学对其进行了表征。代表的主要病毒科是黄病毒科。黄病毒属、Orbivirus 属、Mesonivirus 属和 Nelorpivirus 属的已知病毒与两种新型病毒一起被鉴定，包括一种不同的 Thogoto 样正粘病毒和一种昆虫特异性黄病毒。其中，我们回收了三个 Stratford 病毒 (STRV) 分离株和一个 Wongorr 病毒 (WGRV) 分离株，这对于布里斯班的地理区域来说是前所未有的。因此，以各自的医学和兽医重要性而闻名的 STRV 和 WGRV 的记录地理分布现已扩大到包括这个主要的城市中心。其余五种病毒的系统发育，即木麻黄、Ngewotan、新型 Thogoto 样病毒和两种新的黄病毒种，表明它们是昆虫特异性病毒。这些病毒之前都没有与 Ae 相关联。notoscriptus 或在布里斯班被报道。这些发现说明了 Ae 中丰富的遗传多样性和病毒丰度。notoscriptus virome，并进一步强调该物种是一种可能传播影响人类或动物健康的病毒的媒介。考虑到它是居民区常见的害虫和媒介，正在扩大其全球分布、持续监测和生态学研究。notoscriptus，连同其病毒组图谱和分离病毒的表型特征，显然是有必要的。从本质上讲，这些举措对于未来了解蚊子病毒组和单个病毒物种的进化至关重要。notoscriptus virome，并进一步强调该物种是一种可能传播影响人类或动物健康的病毒的媒介。考虑到它是居民区常见的害虫和媒介，正在扩大其全球分布、持续监测和生态学研究。notoscriptus，连同其病毒组图谱和分离病毒的表型特征，显然是有必要的。从本质上讲，这些举措对于未来了解蚊子病毒组和单个病毒物种的进化至关重要。notoscriptus virome，并进一步强调该物种是一种可能传播影响人类或动物健康的病毒的媒介。考虑到它是居民区常见的害虫和媒介，正在扩大其全球分布、持续监测和生态学研究。notoscriptus，连同其病毒组图谱和分离病毒的表型特征，显然是有必要的。从本质上讲，这些举措对于未来了解蚊子病毒组和单个病毒物种的进化至关重要。notoscriptus，连同其病毒组图谱和分离病毒的表型特征，显然是有必要的。从本质上讲，这些举措对于未来了解蚊子病毒组和单个病毒物种的进化至关重要。notoscriptus，连同其病毒组图谱和分离病毒的表型特征，显然是有必要的。从本质上讲，这些举措对于未来了解蚊子病毒组和单个病毒物种的进化至关重要。