Epidemics are threatening public health and social development. Emerging as a green disinfectant, H₂O₂ can prevent the breakout of epidemics in migration. Electrochemical H₂O₂ production powered by renewable electricity provides a clean and decentralized solution for on-site disinfection. This review firstly discussed the efficacy of H₂O₂ in disinfection. Then necessary fundamental principles are summarized to gain insight into electrochemical H₂O₂ production. The focus is on exploring pathways to realize a highly efficient H₂O₂ production. Progress in advanced electrocatalysts, typically single-atom catalysts for the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e⁻ ORR), are highlighted to provide high H₂O₂ selectivity design strategies. Finally, a rational design of electrode and electrolytic cells is outlined to realize the on-site disinfection. Overall, this critical review contributes to exploiting the potentials and constraints of electrochemical H₂O₂ generation in disinfection and pinpoints future research directions required for implementation.

流行病威胁着公共卫生和社会发展。作为一种绿色消毒剂，H ₂ O ₂可以防止迁移中流行病的爆发。由可再生电力驱动的电化学 H ₂ O ₂生产为现场消毒提供了清洁和分散的解决方案。本综述首先讨论了H ₂ O ₂在消毒中的功效。然后总结必要的基本原理以深入了解电化学 H ₂ O ₂生产。重点是探索实现高效 H ₂ O _{2 的}途径生产。先进电催化剂（通常是用于双电子氧还原反应 (2e ^- ORR) 的单原子催化剂）的进展被强调以提供高 H ₂ O ₂选择性设计策略。最后，概述了电极和电解池的合理设计，以实现现场消毒。总体而言，该评论有助于开发电化学 H ₂ O ₂生成在消毒中的潜力和限制，并指出实施所需的未来研究方向。