In this study, novel biogenic silver (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were developed using a green approach with Ganoderma lucidum (GL) extract. The optimization of synthesis conditions for the best outcomes was conducted. The prepared materials were characterized and their applicability in catalysis, antibacterial and chemical sensing was comprehensively evaluated. The GL-AgNPs crystals were formed in a spherical shape with an average diameter of 50 nm, while GL-AuNPs exhibited multi-shaped structures with sizes ranging from 15 to 40 nm. As a catalyst, the synthesized nanoparticles showed excellent catalytic activity (>98% in 9 min) and reusability (>95% after five recycles) in converting 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. As an antimicrobial agent, GL-AuNPs were low effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria, while GL-AgNPs expressed strong antibacterial activity against all the tested strains. The highest growth inhibition activity of GL-AgNPs was observed against B. subtilis (14.58 ± 0.35 mm), followed by B. cereus (13.8 ± 0.52 mm), P. aeruginosa (12.38 ± 0.64 mm), E. coli (11.3 ± 0.72 mm), and S. aureus (10.41 ± 0.31 mm). Besides, GL-AgNPs also demonstrated high selectivity and sensitivity in the colorimetric detection of Fe³⁺ in aqueous solution with a detection limit of 1.85 nM. Due to the suitable thickness of the protective organic layer and the appropriate particle size, GL-AgNPs validated the triple role as a high-performance catalyst, antimicrobial agent, and nanosensor for environmental monitoring and remediation.

在这项研究中，使用灵芝的绿色方法开发了新型生物银 (AgNPs) 和金纳米粒子 (AuNPs)(GL) 提取物。优化合成条件以获得最佳结果。对制备的材料进行了表征，并综合评估了它们在催化、抗菌和化学传感方面的适用性。GL-AgNPs 晶体呈球形，平均直径为 50 nm，而 GL-AuNPs 则表现出多形结构，尺寸范围为 15 至 40 nm。作为催化剂，合成的纳米粒子在将 4-硝基苯酚转化为 4-氨基苯酚方面表现出优异的催化活性（9 分钟内>98%）和可重复使用性（5 次循环后>95%）。作为一种抗菌剂，GL-AuNPs 在抑制细菌生长方面效果不佳，而 GL-AgNPs 对所有测试菌株都表现出很强的抗菌活性。GL-AgNPs 的最高生长抑制活性被观察到枯草芽孢杆菌（14.58±0.35 MM） ，其次是蜡状芽孢杆菌（13.8±0.52 MM） ，铜绿假单胞菌（12.38±0.64 mm）时，大肠杆菌（11.3±0.72 MM） ，和金黄色葡萄球菌（10.41±0.31毫米）。此外，GL-AgNPs 在比色检测水溶液中的 Fe ³⁺方面也表现出高选择性和灵敏度，检测限为 1.85 nM。由于有机保护层的合适厚度和合适的粒径，GL-AgNPs 验证了作为高性能催化剂、抗菌剂和用于环境监测和修复的纳米传感器的三重作用。