We use in situ environmental measurements by the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission to obtain the surface energy budget (SEB) across Curiosity’s traverse during the first 2500 sols of the mission. This includes values of the downwelling shortwave solar radiation, the upwelling solar radiation reflected by the surface, the downwelling longwave radiation from the atmosphere, the upwelling longwave radiation emitted by the surface, the sensible heat flux associated with turbulent motions, and the latent heat flux associated with water phase changes. We then analyze their temporal variation on different timescales and relate this to the mechanisms causing these variations. Through its Rover Environmental Monitoring Station, MSL allows for a more accurate determination of the SEB than its predecessors on Mars. Moreover, the unprecedented duration, cadence and frequency of MSL environmental observations allow for analyses of the SEB from diurnal to interannual timescales. The results presented in this article can be used to evaluate the consistency with predictions from atmospheric numerical models, to validate aerosol radiative properties under a range of dust conditions, to understand the energy available for solar-powered missions, and to enable comparisons with measurements of the SEB by the Perseverance rover at Jezero crater.

中文翻译：

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火星科学实验室任务前 2500 溶胶期间盖尔陨石坑的表面能收支

我们使用火星科学实验室 (MSL) 任务的原位环境测量来获得在任务的前 2500 溶胶期间跨越好奇号穿越的表面能收支 (SEB)。这包括下流短波太阳辐射值、地表反射的上流太阳辐射值、来自大气的下流长波辐射、地表发射的上流长波辐射、与湍流运动相关的感热通量和潜热通量的值与水相变化有关。然后我们分析它们在不同时间尺度上的时间变化，并将其与导致这些变化的机制联系起来。通过其漫游者环境监测站，MSL 可以比其在火星上的前辈更准确地确定 SEB。而且，前所未有的持续时间，MSL 环境观测的节奏和频率允许分析从昼夜到年际时间尺度的 SEB。本文中提供的结果可用于评估与大气数值模型预测的一致性，验证一系列灰尘条件下的气溶胶辐射特性，了解太阳能任务可用的能量，并能够与毅力号火星车在 Jezero 陨石坑的 SEB。