Cover-all mapping of the distribution of neurons in the human brain would have a significant impact on the deep understanding of brain function. Therefore, complete knowledge of the structural organization of different human brain regions at the cellular level would allow understanding their role in the functions of specific neural networks. Recent advances in tissue clearing techniques have allowed important advances towards this goal. These methods use specific chemicals capable of dissolving lipids, making the tissue completely transparent by homogenizing the refractive index. However, labeling and clearing human brain samples is still challenging. Here, we present an approach to perform the cellular mapping of the human cerebral cortex coupling immunostaining with SWITCH/TDE clearing and confocal microscopy. A specific evaluation of the contributions of the autofluorescence signals generated from the tissue fixation is provided as well as an assessment of lipofuscin pigments interference. Our evaluation demonstrates the possibility of obtaining an efficient clearing and labeling process of parts of adult human brain slices, making it an excellent method for morphological classification and antibody validation of neuronal and non-neuronal markers.

人脑中神经元分布的全面映射将对深入了解大脑功能产生重大影响。因此，在细胞水平上全面了解不同人类大脑区域的结构组织将有助于理解它们在特定神经网络功能中的作用。组织清除技术的最新进展为实现这一目标取得了重要进展。这些方法使用能够溶解脂质的特定化学物质，通过使折射率均匀化使组织完全透明。然而，标记和清除人脑样本仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们提出了一种使用 SWITCH/TDE 清除和共聚焦显微镜对人类大脑皮层耦合免疫染色进行细胞映射的方法。提供了对组织固定产生的自发荧光信号的贡献的具体评估以及对脂褐质色素干扰的评估。我们的评估证明了获得成人人脑切片部分有效清除和标记过程的可能性，使其成为神经元和非神经元标记的形态学分类和抗体验证的极好方法。