Interactions of plastic particles with different organic/inorganic pollutants including heavy metals impact their ecotoxicological potential, and proper understanding in this regard is important for their ecological risk assessment. However, many studies have reported the interactions between micro-/nanoplastics (MNPs) and heavy metals (HMs), but the most prevalent interactive forces and factors monitoring their interactions are still not clear. So, the present review represents the mechanisms of interactions with special emphasis on major interactive forces and biophysicochemical and environmental factors influencing trace element’s adsorption onto the surface of MNPs. Electrostatic interaction and pore-filling mechanism can best explain the HMs adsorption to MNPs. A number of biophysicochemical factors (such as biofilm, size, crystallinity, and surface charge) and environmental factors (such as pH, salt, and temperature) act together for mediating interactions and ecotoxicities of MNPs and HMs in the real environment. From a toxicological point of view, the synergistic mode of action may be more active in animals, whereas the antagonistic activity may be prevalent in plants. Besides polymer density, biofilm formation and agglomeration property of MNPs can control the vertical distribution of MNPs along the water column. Finally, the ecotoxicological potential of MNPs in the natural environment can be considered as a function of spatiotemporal variation in abiotic (including MNPs and heavy metals) and biotic components. This review will be helpful in the detail understanding of ecotoxicological risk assessment of MNPs in relation to their interaction with heavy metals.

塑料颗粒与包括重金属在内的不同有机/无机污染物的相互作用会影响它们的生态毒理学潜力，在这方面的正确理解对于它们的生态风险评估很重要。然而，许多研究报道了微/纳米塑料 (MNPs) 和重金属 (HMs) 之间的相互作用，但最普遍的相互作用力和监测它们相互作用的因素仍不清楚。因此，本综述介绍了相互作用的机制，特别强调主要相互作用力以及影响微量元素吸附到 MNP 表面的生物物理化学和环境因素。静电相互作用和孔隙填充机制可以最好地解释 HMs 对 MNPs 的吸附。许多生物物理化学因素（如生物膜、大小、结晶度、和表面电荷）和环境因素（如 pH、盐和温度）共同作用，以调节真实环境中 MNP 和 HM 的相互作用和生态毒性。从毒理学的角度来看，协同作用模式在动物中可能更为活跃，而拮抗作用在植物中可能更为普遍。除了聚合物密度外，MNP 的生物膜形成和团聚特性可以控制 MNP 沿水柱的垂直分布。最后，MNPs 在自然环境中的生态毒理学潜力可以被认为是非生物（包括 MNPs 和重金属）和生物成分的时空变化的函数。本综述将有助于详细了解 MNPs 与重金属相互作用相关的生态毒理学风险评估。