The Himalaya, by virtue of its location and stupendous height, acts as a great climatic divide and regulates meteorological conditions in the subcontinent regions of South Asia. However, the associated complexities and their effects are yet to be resolved to understand the meteorology of the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). In this review volume, we synthesize the results and inferences of several studies carried out in the IHR using in situ data, remotely sensed data, and model-based meteorological observations. Results provide insights into climate change, scientific gaps, and their causes in deciphering meteorological observations from the last century to recent decades and envisage impacts of climate change on water reservoirs in the future. Warming trend of air temperature, in contrast to global temperature, has been projected in recent decades (after 1990) with a greater warming rate in the maximum temperature than the minimum temperature. This drifting of air temperature from the beginning of last century accelerates the diurnal temperature range of the Himalayas. An elevation-dependent warming trend is mostly perceived in the northwest Himalayan region, implicating an increased warming rate in the Greater Himalaya as compared to the lower and Karakoram Himalaya. No definite trends of precipitation have been observed over different regions of the IHR, suggesting heterogeneous cryosphere-climate interaction between western and central Himalaya. In this review, we have tried to emphasize to the scientific community and policy-makers for enhancing the knowledge of physical and dynamical processes associated with meteorological parameters in the Himalayan terrain.

喜马拉雅山凭借其地理位置和惊人的高度，在南亚次大陆地区起到了巨大的气候分水岭和调节气象条件的作用。然而，相关的复杂性及其影响尚未解决，以了解印度喜马拉雅地区 (IHR) 的气象学。在本综述中，我们综合了 IHR 中使用原位数据、遥感数据和基于模型的气象观测进行的多项研究的结果和推论。结果提供了对气候变化、科学差距及其原因的见解，以破译从上个世纪到最近几十年的气象观测，并设想未来气候变化对水库的影响。气温的变暖趋势，与全球气温相反，近几十年来（1990 年之后）预计最高温度的升温速率大于最低温度。上世纪初的气温漂移加速了喜马拉雅山脉的昼夜温差。喜马拉雅西北部地区主要存在依赖海拔的变暖趋势，这意味着与较低的喜马拉雅山和喀喇昆仑山相比，大喜马拉雅山的变暖速率增加。在 IHR 的不同地区没有观察到明确的降水趋势，表明喜马拉雅西部和中部之间存在异质冰冻圈 - 气候相互作用。在这次审查中，