This paper represents the first result of an active collaboration between the University of Sannio and the San Pio Hospital (Benevento, Italy), started in the 2018, that aims to a detailed mineralogical investigation of urinary stones of patients from Campania region. Herein, selected human bladder stones have been deeply characterized for clinical purposes and environmental biomonitoring, focusing on the importance to evaluate the concentration and distribution of undesired trace elements by means of microscopic techniques in the place of conventional wet chemical analyses. A rare bladder stones with a sea-urchin appearance, known as jackstone calculus, were also investigated (along with bladder stones made of uric acid and brushite) by means a comprehensive analytical approach, including Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction and Simultaneous Thermal Analyses. Main clinical assumptions were inferred according to the morpho-constitutional classification of bladder stones and information about patient’s medical history and lifestyle. In most of the analyzed uroliths, undesired trace elements such as copper, cadmium, lead, chromium, mercury and arsenic have been detected and generally attributable to environmental pollution or contaminated food. Simultaneous occurrence of selenium and mercury should denote a methylmercury detoxification process, probably leading to the formation of a very rare HgSe compound known as tiemannite.

本文代表了 Sannio 大学和San Pio积极合作的第一个成果医院（意大利贝内文托）始于 2018 年，旨在对坎帕尼亚地区患者的尿路结石进行详细的矿物学调查。在此，选定的人类膀胱结石已针对临床目的和环境生物监测进行了深入的表征，重点是通过显微技术代替传统的湿化学分析来评估不需要的微量元素的浓度和分布的重要性。还通过包括同步加速器 X 射线衍射和同步热分析在内的综合分析方法研究了一种罕见的具有海胆外观的膀胱结石，称为jackstone 结石（以及由尿酸和透钙石制成的膀胱结石）。根据膀胱结石的形态-构成分类以及有关患者病史和生活方式的信息，推断出主要的临床假设。在大多数分析的尿石中，已检测到铜、镉、铅、铬、汞和砷等不需要的微量元素，通常可归因于环境污染或受污染的食物。硒和汞的同时出现应该表示甲基汞的解毒过程，可能导致形成一种非常稀有的 HgSe 化合物，称为铁锰矿。