The revegetation of areas impacted by iron mining may be hampered by a series of chemical and physical impediments exhibited by those areas. Physical problems, such as penetration resistance and steep slopes, may outweigh the chemical problems, such that both should be considered for soil recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the main soil attributes that are directly related to plant growth on areas affected by iron mining activities discussing possible solutions. For this purpose, chemical and physical attributes including penetration resistance on open pit mines, waste piles and native forest in Carajás Mineral Province were analysed. The results show that the open pits had low to medium levels of P and low levels of organic matter and of the micronutrients B, Zn and Cu. In the waste piles, the chemical parameters were less hindering than in the open pits. Soil penetration resistance in open pits was higher than in the waste piles and the forest; however, there was a reduction of up to 69% in soil resistance in open pits in the rainy season. The principal chemical problems observed in mine pits can be easily corrected, although the inclination of open pit slopes in combination with elevated soil density increase the risks of losses of fertilizers and seeds by runoff. Penetration resistance is the most serious problem for the development of plants in mine pits, although the use of irrigation water can help to maintain tolerable levels of resistance in soil for proper root growth of native species.

受铁矿开采影响的地区的重新植被可能会受到这些地区表现出的一系列化学和物理障碍的阻碍。物理问题，如抗穿透性和陡坡，可能比化学问题更重要，因此在土壤恢复时应考虑这两者。本研究旨在评估与受铁矿活动影响地区的植物生长直接相关的主要土壤属性，讨论可能的解决方案。为此，我们分析了 Carajás Mineral Province 的化学和物理属性，包括对露天矿、废物堆和原始森林的抗穿透性。结果表明，露天矿的磷含量低至中等，有机质和微量营养素 B、Zn 和 Cu 含量较低。在垃圾堆里，与露天矿相比，化学参数的影响较小。露天矿的土壤渗透阻力高于垃圾堆和森林；然而，雨季露天矿坑的土壤阻力降低了 69%。在矿坑中观察到的主要化学问题可以很容易地纠正，尽管露天矿斜坡的倾斜加上土壤密度的增加会增加肥料和种子因径流流失的风险。渗透抗性是矿坑中植物生长的最严重问题，尽管灌溉水的使用有助于维持土壤中可耐受的抗性水平，以促进本地物种的根系正常生长。雨季露天矿坑的土壤阻力降低了 69%。在矿坑中观察到的主要化学问题可以很容易地纠正，尽管露天矿斜坡的倾斜加上土壤密度的增加会增加肥料和种子因径流流失的风险。渗透抗性是矿坑中植物生长的最严重问题，尽管灌溉水的使用有助于维持土壤中可耐受的抗性水平，以促进本地物种的正常根系生长。雨季露天矿坑的土壤阻力降低了 69%。在矿坑中观察到的主要化学问题可以很容易地纠正，尽管露天矿斜坡的倾斜加上土壤密度的增加会增加肥料和种子因径流流失的风险。渗透抗性是矿坑中植物生长的最严重问题，尽管灌溉水的使用有助于维持土壤中可耐受的抗性水平，以促进本地物种的根系正常生长。