The expanding use of artificial intelligence (AI) in public administration is generating numerous opportunities for governments. Current Spanish regulations have established electronic administration and support the expansion and implementation of this new technology, but they may not be adapted to the legal needs caused by AI. Consequently, this research aims to identify the risks associated with AI uses in Spanish public administration and if the legal mechanisms can solve them. We answer these questions by employing a qualitative research approach, conducting semi-structured interviews with several experts in the matter. Despite the benefits that this technology may involve, throughout this research we can confirm that the use of artificial intelligence can generate several problems such as opacity, legal uncertainty, biases, or breaches of personal data protection. The mechanisms already provided by Spanish law are not enough to avoid these risks as they have not been designed to face the use of artificial intelligence in public administration. In addition, a homogeneous legal definition of AI needs to be established.

中文翻译：

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西班牙公共行政中的人工智能风险和挑战：通过专家判断的探索性分析

人工智能 (AI) 在公共管理中的广泛使用为政府创造了许多机会。目前西班牙的法规已经建立了电子管理并支持这项新技术的扩展和实施，但它们可能无法适应人工智能带来的法律需求。因此，这项研究旨在确定与西班牙公共行政中使用人工智能相关的风险，以及法律机制是否可以解决这些风险。我们通过采用定性研究方法、与多位相关专家进行半结构化访谈来回答这些问题。尽管这项技术可能带来好处，但在整个研究中，我们可以确认使用人工智能会产生几个问题，例如不透明、法律不确定性、偏见、或违反个人数据保护。西班牙法律已经提供的机制不足以避免这些风险，因为它们的设计目的不是为了在公共管理中使用人工智能。此外，需要为人工智能建立一个统一的法律定义。