In this article, theory-based analytical methodologies of astrophysics employed in the modern era are suitably operated alongside a test research-grade telescope to image and determine the orbit of a near-earth asteroid from original observations, measurements, and calculations. Subsequently, its intrinsic orbital path has been calculated including the chance it would likely impact Earth in the time ahead. More so specifically, this case-study incorporates the most effective, feasible, and novel Gauss's Method in order to maneuver the orbital plane components of a planetesimal, further elaborating and extending our probes on a selected near-earth asteroid (namely the 12538-1998 OH) through the observational data acquired over a six week period. Utilizing the CCD (Charge Coupled Device) snapshots captured, we simulate and calculate the orbit of our asteroid as outlined in quite detailed explanations. The uncertainties and deviations from the expected values are derived to reach a judgement whether our empirical findings are truly reliable and representative measurements by partaking a statistical analysis based systematic approach. Concluding the study by narrating what could have caused such discrepancy of findings in the first place, if any, measures are put forward that could be undertaken to improve the test-case for future investigations. Following the calculation of orbital elements and their uncertainties using Monte Carlo analysis, simulations were executed with various sample celestial bodies to derive a plausible prediction regarding the fate of Asteroid 1998 OH. Finally, the astrometric and photometric data, after their precise verification, were officially submitted to the Minor Planet Center: an organization hosted by the Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian and funded by NASA, for keeping track of the asteroid's potential trajectories.

中文翻译：

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近地小行星轨道确定和预测的改进方法：计算机模拟、建模和测试测量

在本文中，现代使用的基于理论的天体物理学分析方法与测试研究级望远镜一起适当地运行，以根据原始观测、测量和计算对近地小行星的轨道进行成像和确定。随后，计算了它的固有轨道路径，包括它在未来可能撞击地球的可能性。更具体地说，这个案例研究结合了最有效、最可行和最新颖的高斯方法来操纵小行星的轨道平面分量，进一步阐述和扩展我们对选定的近地小行星（即 12538-1998 OH）通过在六周内获得的观察数据。利用捕获的 CCD（电荷耦合器件）快照，我们模拟和计算小行星的轨道，如非常详细的解释中所述。通过参与基于统计分析的系统方法，推导出与预期值的不确定性和偏差，以判断我们的经验发现是否真正可靠和具有代表性的测量。通过首先叙述可能导致这种结果差异的原因来结束研究（如果有的话），提出可以采取的措施来改进测试用例以用于未来的调查。在使用蒙特卡罗分析计算轨道元素及其不确定性之后，对各种样本天体进行了模拟，以得出关于小行星 1998 OH 命运的合理预测。最后，天体测量和光度测量数据，