In this paper, an analytical framework for evaluating the performance of scalable cell-free massive MIMO (SCF-mMIMO) systems in which all user equipments (UEs) and access points (APs) employ finite resolution digital-to-analog converters (DACs) and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and operates under correlated Rician fading, is presented. By using maximal-ratio combining (MRC) detection, generic expressions for the uplink (UL) spectral efficiency (SE) for both distributed and centralized schemes are derived. In order to further reduce the computational complexity (CC) of the original local partial MMSE (LP-MMSE) and partial MMSE (P-MMSE) detectors, two novel scalable low complexity MMSE detectors are proposed for distributed and centralized schemes respectively, which achieves very similar SE performance. Furthermore, for the distributed scheme a novel partial large-scale fading decoding (P-LSFD) weighting vector is introduced and its analytical SE performance is very similar to the performance of an equivalent unscalable LSFD vector. Finally, a scalable algorithm jointly consisting of AP cluster formation, pilot assignment, and power control is proposed, which outperforms the conventional random pilot assignment and user-group based pilot assignment policies and, contrary to an equal power transmit strategy, it guarantees quality of service (QoS) fairness for all accessing UEs.

中文翻译：

---

具有有限分辨率 ADC/DAC 的可扩展无蜂窝大规模 MIMO 系统在空间相关的里斯衰落信道上

在本文中，用于评估可扩展无蜂窝大规模 MIMO (SCF-mMIMO) 系统性能的分析框架，其中所有用户设备 (UE) 和接入点 (AP) 均采用有限分辨率数模转换器 (DAC)和模数转换器 (ADC) 并在相关的 Rician 衰落下运行。通过使用最大比合并 (MRC) 检测，可以导出分布式和集中式方案的上行链路 (UL) 频谱效率 (SE) 的通用表达式。为了进一步降低原始局部部分MMSE（LP-MMSE）和部分MMSE（P-MMSE）检测器的计算复杂度（CC），分别针对分布式和集中式方案提出了两种新颖的可扩展低复杂度MMSE检测器，实现了非常相似的 SE 性能。此外，对于分布式方案，引入了一种新颖的部分大规模衰落解码 (P-LSFD) 加权向量，其解析 SE 性能与等效的不可缩放 LSFD 向量的性能非常相似。最后，提出了一种由AP簇形成、导频分配和功率控制组成的可扩展算法，该算法优于传统的随机导频分配和基于用户组的导频分配策略，并且与等功率发射策略相反，它保证了传输质量。所有接入 UE 的服务 (QoS) 公平性。