As conventional Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) reaches extreme limitation to implement the digital circuits with high density and low power dissipation, alternate devices are necessary. To keep Moore’s Law alive and to implement the processors with tiny devices, the researchers are trying to produce nano-devices, alternatives to conventional devices. Nanowire is a most prominent device to replace the CMOS at nano-scale for the low-power digital technology among the emerging Nanodevices. Transistors designed with Nanowire structures achieve a tradeoff between the power and density to implement the digital circuits. This paper is focused on reviewing the details of the synthesis of nanowire, few dominant applications of the nanowire, and nanowire mechanics. Initially, the growth pattern and controlling the Nanowire dimensions are discussed under the synthesis of nanowire. This is followed by a brief overview of nano-photonics which plays a key role in optical communications. Further, the mechanical properties, applications of nanowire, and the gate structures are highlighted.

由于传统的互补金属氧化物半导体（CMOS）在实现高密度和低功耗数字电路方面已达到极限，因此需要替代器件。为了保持摩尔定律的活力并用微型设备实现处理器，研究人员正在尝试生产纳米设备，以替代传统设备。纳米线是新兴纳米器件中最突出的一种在纳米尺度上取代CMOS用于低功耗数字技术的器件。采用纳米线结构设计的晶体管实现了功率和密度之间的权衡，以实现数字电路。本文重点回顾了纳米线合成的细节、纳米线的一些主要应用以及纳米线力学。最初，纳米线的合成中讨论了生长模式和控制纳米线尺寸。接下来是对在光通信中发挥关键作用的纳米光子学的简要概述。此外，还重点介绍了纳米线的机械性能、应用和栅极结构。