Very large and comprehensive datasets are increasingly used in the field of hydrology. Large-sample studies provide insights into the hydrological cycle that might not be available with small-scale studies. LamaH-CE (LArge-SaMple DAta for Hydrology and Environmental Sciences for Central Europe, LamaH for short; the geographical extension “-CE” is omitted in the text and the dataset) is a new dataset for large-sample studies and comparative hydrology in Central Europe. It covers the entire upper Danube to the state border of Austria–Slovakia, as well as all other Austrian catchments including their foreign upstream areas. LamaH covers an area of about 170 000 km² in nine countries, ranging from lowland regions characterized by a continental climate to high alpine zones dominated by snow and ice. Consequently, a wide diversity of properties is present in the individual catchments. We represent this variability in 859 gauged catchments with over 60 catchment attributes, covering topography, climatology, hydrology, land cover, vegetation, soil and geological properties. LamaH further contains a collection of runoff time series as well as meteorological time series. These time series are provided with a daily and hourly resolution. All meteorological and the majority of runoff time series cover a span of over 35 years, which enables long-term analyses with a high temporal resolution. The runoff time series are classified by over 20 attributes including information about human impacts and indicators for data quality and completeness. The structure of LamaH is based on the well-known CAMELS (Catchment Attributes and MEteorology for Large-sample Studies) datasets. In contrast, however, LamaH does not only consider independent basins, covering the full upstream area. Intermediate catchments are covered as well, which allows together with novel attributes the considering of the hydrological network and river topology in applications. We not only describe the basic datasets used and methodology of data preparation but also focus on possible limitations and uncertainties. LamaH contains additionally results of a conceptual hydrological baseline model for checking plausibility of the inputs as well as benchmarking. Potential applications of LamaH are outlined as well, since it is intended to serve as a uniform data basis for further research. LamaH is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4525244 (Klingler et al., 2021).

中文翻译：

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LamaH-CE：中欧水文和环境科学的大型样本数据

非常大和全面的数据集越来越多地用于水文学领域。大样本研究提供了小规模研究可能无法获得的对水文循环的见解。LamaH-CE（LArge-SaMple DAta for Hydrology and Environmental Sciences for Central Europe，简称LamaH；文本和数据集中省略了地理扩展名“-CE”）是用于大样本研究和比较水文学的新数据集欧洲中部。它涵盖了整个多瑙河上游到奥地利-斯洛伐克州边界，以及所有其他奥地利流域，包括其外国上游地区。喇嘛占地约 170 000 平方公里²在九个国家，从以大陆性气候为特征的低地地区到以冰雪为主的高山地区。因此，各个流域中存在着广泛多样的特性。我们在具有 60 多个流域属性的 859 个测量流域中表示这种可变性，涵盖地形、气候学、水文、土地覆盖、植被、土壤和地质特性。LamaH 还包含一系列径流时间序列以及气象时间序列。这些时间序列具有每日和每小时的分辨率。所有气象和大部分径流时间序列涵盖超过 35 年的跨度，这使得能够以高时间分辨率进行长期分析。径流时间序列按 20 多个属性进行分类，包括有关人类影响的信息以及数据质量和完整性指标。LamaH 的结构基于著名的 CAMELS（大样本研究流域属性和气象学）数据集。然而，相比之下，LamaH 不仅考虑了独立的盆地，还涵盖了整个上游区域。中间集水区也包括在内，这允许在应用中考虑水文网络和河流拓扑结构的新属性。我们不仅描述了使用的基本数据集和数据准备的方法，而且还关注可能的局限性和不确定性。LamaH 还包含概念性水文基线模型的结果，用于检查输入的合理性以及基准。还概述了喇嘛的潜在应用，因为它旨在作为进一步研究的统一数据基础。LamaH 可在 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4525244（Klingler 等人，2021 年）获得。