Radiation-induced liver injury (RILI) is a major complication of radiotherapy during treatment for liver cancer and other upper abdominal malignant tumors that has poor pharmacological therapeutic options. A series of pathological changes can be induced by radiation. However, the underlying mechanism of RILI remains unclear. Radiation can induce cell damage via direct energy deposition or reactive free radical generation. Cellular senescence can be observed due to the DNA damage response (DDR) caused by radiation. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) secreted from senescent cells can cause chronic inflammation and aggravate liver dysfunction for a long time. Oxidative stress further activates the signaling pathway of the inflammatory response and affects cellular metabolism. miRNAs clearly have differential expression after radiation treatment and take part in RILI development. This review aims to systematically profile the overall mechanism of RILI and the effects of radiation on hepatocyte senescence, laying foundations for the development of new therapies.

放射性肝损伤（RILI）是肝癌和其他上腹部恶性肿瘤治疗过程中放疗的主要并发症，药物治疗选择较差。辐射可诱发一系列病理变化。然而，RILI 的潜在机制仍不清楚。辐射可通过直接能量沉积或反应性自由基生成诱导细胞损伤。由于辐射引起的 DNA 损伤反应 (DDR)，可以观察到细胞衰老。衰老细胞分泌的衰老相关分泌表型（SASP）可引起慢性炎症，长期加重肝功能障碍。氧化应激进一步激活炎症反应的信号通路并影响细胞代谢。miRNAs 在放射治疗后明显有差异表达并参与 RILI 的发展。本综述旨在系统地描述 RILI 的整体机制和辐射对肝细胞衰老的影响，为新疗法的开发奠定基础。