This study examined sex differences in the EEG of adults diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) according to DSM-5 criteria. Sixteen females and 16 males with AD/HD, and age- and sex-matched control groups, had an eyes-closed resting EEG recorded from 19 electrode sites. EEGs were Fast Fourier transformed and estimates for total power, absolute and relative power in the delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma bands, and the theta/beta ratio, were analysed across nine cortical regions. Males with AD/HD, compared with male controls, had globally reduced absolute beta, globally elevated relative theta, and a larger theta/beta ratio. In contrast, no global effects emerged between females with and without AD/HD. Significant group interactions indicated that globally elevated relative theta and elevated frontal-midline theta/beta ratio noted in males with AD/HD differed significantly from results in females. There are statistically significant EEG differences in relative theta and the theta/beta ratio between males and females with and without AD/HD. These results indicate that AD/HD affects the EEG activity of males and females differently. This study helps confirm the need for further independent examination of AD/HD within female populations.

本研究根据 DSM-5 标准检查了被诊断为注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (AD/HD) 的成人脑电图的性别差异。患有 AD/HD 的 16 名女性和 16 名男性以及年龄和性别匹配的对照组，从 19 个电极部位记录了闭眼静息脑电图。脑电图进行了快速傅里叶变换，并在 9 个皮层区域分析了 delta、theta、alpha、beta 和 gamma 波段的总功率、绝对和相对功率以及 theta/beta 比率的估计值。与男性对照相比，患有 AD/HD 的男性的绝对 β 值总体降低，相对 θ 值总体升高，并且 θ/β 比值更大。相比之下，有和没有 AD/HD 的女性之间没有出现整体影响。显着的群体相互作用表明，AD/HD 男性患者的整体升高的相对 theta 和升高的额中线 theta/beta 比与女性的结果显着不同。有和没有 AD/HD 的男性和女性之间的相对 theta 和 theta/beta 比率存在统计学上显着的 EEG 差异。这些结果表明 AD/HD 对男性和女性脑电图活动的影响不同。这项研究有助于确认在女性人群中进一步独立检查 AD/HD 的必要性。