Hummingbirds are one of the most threatened bird groups in the world. However, the extent to which global climate change (GCC) and habitat loss compromise their conservation status remains unclear. Herein, we proposed to: (1) assess how predicted GCC impacts the distribution of non-migrant hummingbirds according to their conservation status, degree of restriction and habitat specificity; and (2) delineate priority conservation areas where species could persist in the face of both threats. We estimated the potential distributions of 49 species under current and future climates (year 2040, 2060, and 2080), analyzing the effects of current habitat loss and the importance of existing Protected Areas (PAs) on the species’ ranges and hummingbird hotspot areas in Mexico. Our projections were consistent in the identity of the species that are most vulnerable to GCC: while 10.2% of species will have potentially habitat gains/stability (“winners”), the remaining 89.8% of species (“losers”) will face habitat reductions under new climate conditions. These changes were mostly related to temperature increases (>2 °C) and rainfall decreases (<50 mm). The combined impacts of GCC and habitat loss may represent a higher risk, leading to an average reduction of ~26-59% in species’ ranges. Already-established Mexican PAs cover ~12% of the hummingbirds’ current ranges, but showed an important reduction of surface across the species distribution (on average >15%) and hotspot areas (>60%) for future. We identified highly resilient priority areas across southern Mexico, in Oaxaca and Guerrero. Ambitious conservation actions by decision-makers are now crucial to avoid losing these highly-vulnerable taxa.

蜂鸟是世界上最受威胁的鸟类之一。然而，全球气候变化 (GCC) 和栖息地丧失对其保护状况的影响程度仍不清楚。在此，我们建议： (1) 根据非迁徙蜂鸟的保护状况、限制程度和栖息地的特殊性，评估预测的 GCC 如何影响非迁徙蜂鸟的分布；(2) 划定优先保护区，在这些保护区，物种可以在面临这两种威胁时继续存在。我们估计了当前和未来气候（2040、2060 和 2080 年）下 49 种物种的潜在分布，分析了当前栖息地丧失的影响以及现有保护区 (PA) 对物种分布范围和蜂鸟热点地区的重要性。墨西哥。我们的预测在最易受 GCC 影响的物种的身份上是一致的：虽然 10.2% 的物种将有潜在的栖息地增益/稳定（“赢家”），其余 89.8% 的物种（“输家”）将面临栖息地减少在新的气候条件下。这些变化主要与温度升高 (>2 °C) 和降雨量减少 (<50 mm) 相关。海湾合作委员会和栖息地丧失的综合影响可能代表更高的风险，导致物种范围平均减少约 26-59%。已经建立的墨西哥 PA 覆盖了蜂鸟当前活动范围的约 12%，但在未来的物种分布（平均 >15%）和热点区域（>60%）中显示出显着减少。我们确定了墨西哥南部瓦哈卡州和格雷罗州的高弹性优先地区。