The elderly spend more of their daily time indoors, especially at home, and due to this, air quality measurements where they live are extremely important. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate indoor/outdoor size-segregated particulate matter (PM) mass concentrations, followed by black carbon (rBC) and trace elements analysis and health risk assessment estimate in quasi-ultrafine particles (q-UFP), in a OL nursing home in São Paulo, Brazil. The outdoor mass concentrations (32.0 μg/m³ for PM₁₀ and 22.8 μg/m³ for PM_2.5) were higher (p < 0.05) than those indoors (21.6 μg/m³for PM₁₀ and 14.6 μg/m³for PM_2.5), indicating the significant influence of outdoor sources reinforced by the strong correlation between indoor/outdoor, r² = 0.84 and 0.79 for PM₁₀ and PM_2.5, respectively. The daily PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ mass concentrations indoors and outdoors exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines during different seasons. The elements S, K and Na were the most abundant in all campaigns, with sulfur the highest, reaching 740 and 722 ng/m³ outdoors and indoors, respectively. The Lifetime Carcinogenic Risk (LCR) values (2.2 × 10⁻⁵ and 4.6 × 10⁻⁵/1.9 × 10⁻⁵and 3.8 × 10⁻⁵) exceeded the threshold value of 1 × 10⁻⁶ under indoors and outdoors, on mean, for different scenarios (chronic and sub chronic). The particle deposition was found to be 32%, in the respiratory system, higher for elderly males than for females. Our study confirmed that both indoor and outdoor environments may be unsafe for the elderly health and the importance of reducing harmful air pollutants where populations have been living.

老年人每天花更多的时间在室内，尤其是在家里，因此，他们居住地的空气质量测量非常重要。因此，本研究旨在评估室内/室外尺寸分离的颗粒物 (PM) 质量浓度，然后是黑碳 (rBC) 和微量元素分析以及准超细颗粒 (q-UFP) 中的健康风险评估估计，在巴西圣保罗的一家 OL 疗养院。室外质量浓度（PM ₁₀为 32.0 μg/m³和 PM _2.5为 22.8 μg/m³ ）高于（p < 0.05）室内（PM _{10 为}21.6 μg/m³和 PM _{2.5 为}14.6 μg/m³ ），表明显着室内/室外之间的强相关性增强了室外源的影响，r PM ₁₀和 PM _{2.5 的}² = 0.84 和 0.79 ，分别。在不同季节，室内和室外的每日 PM _2.5和 PM ₁₀质量浓度超过了世界卫生组织（WHO）的指南。元素 S、K 和 Na 在所有活动中含量最高，硫最高，室外和室内分别达到 740 和 722 ng/m³。终生致癌风险 (LCR) 值（2.2 × 10 ^-5和 4.6 × 10 ^-5 /1.9 × 10 ^-5和 3.8 × 10 ^-5）超过阈值 1 × 10 ^-6在室内和室外，平均而言，针对不同场景（慢性和亚慢性）。发现颗粒沉积在呼吸系统中为 32%，老年男性高于女性。我们的研究证实，室内和室外环境对老年人的健康和减少有害空气污染物的重要性都可能不安全。