In some urban parks in Tokyo, semi-natural habitat patches are maintained as nature reserves for birds, called bird sanctuaries. Bird censuses and vegetation surveys were conducted in eight urban parks in Tokyo from December 2015 to July 2016 to determine the effectiveness of bird sanctuaries on avian species composition. The relationship between avian species composition and environmental conditions was analyzed by partial redundancy analysis (partial RDA) using vegetation variables, number of visitors, presence or absence of reserves within the same park, area of wooded parts, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in the surrounding area. The results of the partial RDA are as follows: (1) Area, lower vegetation cover, higher vegetation cover, tree species composition obtained from detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) on vegetation survey data, and NDVI in the surrounding area were considered as covariates and explained 17.4–33.6% of the total variation in bird species composition, (2) The presence or absence of sanctuary significantly explained bird species compositional variation regardless of season, indicating that the sanctuaries were beneficial for urban avoider species not only in the sanctuaries but also in the surrounding wooded area, and (3) Tree coverage within a 100 m range and leaf litter coverage also influenced avian species composition. We concluded that bird sanctuaries and other nature reserves can be beneficial to bird conservation, even within Tokyo. The positive effect of sanctuaries could be due to the limited influence of human presence and the developed vegetation within them. These reserves may play the role of core habitats within the studied urban parks.

在东京的一些城市公园中，半自然栖息地被保留为鸟类的自然保护区，称为鸟类保护区。2015 年 12 月至 2016 年 7 月，在东京的八个城市公园进行了鸟类普查和植被调查，以确定鸟类保护区对鸟类物种组成的有效性。鸟类物种组成与环境条件之间的关系通过部分冗余分析（部分 RDA）使用植被变量、游客数量、同一公园内是否存在保护区、林区面积和归一化差异植被指数 (NDVI) 进行分析在周边地区。部分 RDA 结果如下： (1) 面积，植被覆盖率较低，植被覆盖率较高，从植被调查数据的去趋势对应分析 (DCA) 中获得的树种组成，以及周边地区的 NDVI 被视为协变量，并解释了鸟类物种组成总变异的 17.4-33.6%，(2) 保护区的存在与否显着解释了鸟类物种组成的变化，无论季节如何，表明保护区不仅在保护区而且在周围的林区对城市回避物种有益，并且（3）100 m 范围内的树木覆盖率和落叶覆盖率也影响鸟类物种组成。我们得出的结论是，即使在东京，鸟类保护区和其他自然保护区也有利于鸟类保护。保护区的积极影响可能是由于人类存在和其中发达的植被的影响有限。这些保护区可能在所研究的城市公园内发挥核心栖息地的作用。