The use of pesticides has been increasing in recent years for maintaining traditional agricultural practices. However, these chemicals are associated with several environmental impacts, demanding urgent remediation techniques. Biochar is a carbonaceous material produced by pyrolysis that has the potential for pesticide sorption and remediation. In this context, this interdisciplinary review systematically assessed the state of the knowledge of crop residues to produce biochar for pesticide sorption. We focused on maize, rice, and wheat residues since these are the three most-produced grains worldwide. Besides, we evaluated different biochar handling, storage, and soil dispersion techniques to ease its implementation in agriculture. In general, pyrolysis temperature influences biochar characteristics and its potential for pesticide sorption. Furthermore, biochar amended soils had greater pesticide sorption capacity, limiting potential leaching and runoff. Most studies showed that the feedstock and specific surface area influence the biochar sorption properties, among other factors. Also, biochar reduces pesticides’ bioavailability, decreasing their toxicity to soil organisms and improving soil fertility and crop yields. Nonetheless, the retrieved papers assessed only 21 pesticides, mainly consisting of lab-scale batch experiments. Therefore, there is still a gap in studies evaluating biochar aging, its potential desorption, pesticide co-contaminations, the associated microbiological processes, and field applications. Determining flow properties for biochars of different sizes and pellets is vital for reliable handling equipment design, and performing techno-economic assessment under different farm contexts is encouraged. Ultimately, coupling biochar production with residue management could address this challenge on sustainable agricultural systems.

近年来，为了维持传统的农业做法，农药的使用越来越多。然而，这些化学品与多种环境影响有关，需要紧急补救技术。生物炭是一种通过热解产生的碳质材料，具有吸附和修复农药的潜力。在此背景下，这项跨学科审查系统地评估了作物残留物生产用于农药吸附的生物炭的知识状况。我们专注于玉米、大米和小麦残留物，因为它们是全球产量最高的三种谷物。此外，我们评估了不同的生物炭处理、储存和土壤分散技术，以简化其在农业中的实施。一般来说，热解温度会影响生物炭的特性及其对农药吸附的潜力。此外，经过生物炭改良的土壤具有更大的农药吸附能力，从而限制了潜在的浸出和径流。大多数研究表明，原料和比表面积会影响生物炭的吸附特性等因素。此外，生物炭降低了农药的生物利用度，降低了它们对土壤生物的毒性，并提高了土壤肥力和作物产量。尽管如此，检索到的论文仅评估了 21 种农药，主要包括实验室规模的批量实验。因此，评估生物炭老化、其潜在解吸、农药共污染、相关微生物过程和现场应用的研究仍然存在差距。确定不同尺寸和颗粒的生物炭的流动特性对于可靠的处理设备设计至关重要，鼓励在不同的农场环境下进行技术经济评估。最终，将生物炭生产与残留物管理相结合可以解决可持续农业系统面临的这一挑战。