The trend of increasing energy production from renewable sources has awakened great interest in the use of Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFB) in large-scale energy storage. The VRFB correspond to an emerging technology, in continuous improvement with many potential applications. In this review, several evolutionary aspects of the battery are addressed. An in-depth survey of the main components of the battery, such as electrolytes, electrodes and membrane is presented. Design and sizing issues are also approached, providing the reader, in addition to knowledge about the operating principles, a detailed perspective how technology has improved since its inception. A perspective upon inherent limitations and hindrances, with recent developments to circumvent these was brought, highlighting both the economic and operational views aiming its transposition to real systems. Therefore, this review opportunely summarizes the fundamental technologies involved in VRFBs and encourages continuous research for their improvement.

可再生能源发电量增加的趋势引起了人们对在大规模储能中使用钒氧化还原液流电池 (VRFB) 的极大兴趣。VRFB 对应于一项新兴技术，不断改进，具有许多潜在的应用。在这篇综述中，讨论了电池的几个进化方面。介绍了对电池主要组件的深入调查，例如电解质、电极和膜。还涉及设计和尺寸问题，让读者除了了解操作原理之外，还可以详细了解技术自诞生以来如何改进。带来了对固有限制和障碍的看法，以及最近的发展来规避这些，强调旨在将其转换为真实系统的经济和运营观点。因此，本综述适时总结了 VRFB 所涉及的基本技术，并鼓励对其进行持续研究以进行改进。