Background and aims

It has been confirmed that the declines in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) populations and agroecosystem diversity are largely due to nutrient enrichment caused by fertilization. Replacing chemical-only fertilization with organic fertilization is widely considered a possible approach for maintaining soil biodiversity and a healthy functioning ecosystem. Here we aim to examine the effects of organic fertilizer on AMF occurrence.

Methods

We conducted a meta-analysis of 162 field experiments from 54 published studies conducted over the last 20 years. Our dataset included two groups: organic fertilization (OF) vs chemical-only fertilization (CF) and OF vs no fertilization (NF).

Results

We found that organic fertilizer increased AM fungal biomass and was less detrimental to AMF richness than mineral-only fertilization. AMF responses to organic fertilizer were generally positive when AMF and host plants had a strong mutualistic symbiosis such as in phosphorus-deficient soil, drought and semi-drought areas, at low latitudes, and at testing sites that contained two or more plant species or included legume. In conditions other than these, the responses were generally negative. Organic carbon input, increased soil phosphorus and the ratio of fertilizer N and P jointly explain the effects of organic fertilizer on AMF occurrence.

Conclusions

Our analysis indicates that, although some limiting factors exist, application of organic fertilizer can be an effective practice to protect AM symbiosis from the negative effects of nutrient enrichment in current cropping systems.

中文翻译：

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丛枝菌根真菌发生对有机肥料的反应：田间研究的荟萃分析

背景和目标

已经证实，丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）种群和农业生态系统多样性的下降主要是由于施肥引起的养分富集。用有机施肥代替纯化学施肥被广泛认为是维持土壤生物多样性和健康运作的生态系统的一种可能方法。在这里，我们旨在检查有机肥对 AMF 发生的影响。

方法

我们对过去 20 年发表的 54 项研究中的 162 项实地实验进行了荟萃分析。我们的数据集包括两组：有机施肥 (OF)与仅化学施肥 (CF) 和 OF与不施肥 (NF)。

结果

我们发现有机肥料增加了 AM 真菌生物量，并且对 AMF 丰富度的危害比纯矿物肥料要小。当 AMF 和寄主植物具有很强的共生共生关系时，AMF 对有机肥料的反应通常是积极的，例如在缺磷土壤、干旱和半干旱地区、低纬度地区以及含有两种或两种以上植物物种或包括豆类。在其他情况下，反应通常是否定的。有机碳输入、土壤磷增加和施肥氮磷比例共同解释了有机肥对AMF发生的影响。

结论

我们的分析表明，尽管存在一些限制因素，但有机肥的施用可以成为保护 AM 共生免受当前种植系统中养分富集负面影响的有效做法。