Due to its excellent electrical conductivity, good hydrophilicity, excellent mechanical properties, large and adjustable interlayer spacing, rich surface functional groups and large specific surface area, MXenes have attracted great attention in energy storage and conversion, sensors, electromagnetic shielding and biomedical fields. The unique surface chemistry, graphene-like morphology, high hydrophilicity, satisfactory biocompatibility and easy to form composite materials make MXenes an ideal material for sensor applications. In the past years, great efforts have been devoted to the design and fabrication of various MXene-based sensors. This review briefly introduces the structure, main synthesis methods and properties of MXenes, and then focuses on the application of MXenes and/or its composite materials in pressure sensors, strain sensors, gas sensors, humidity sensors, temperature sensors, electrochemical (bio) and optical/photoelectric sensors. The sensing mechanism, preparation method, properties and application fields of various sensors are discussed, and the performance of various MXene-based sensors is compared. Finally, we discuss and look forward to the future opportunities and challenges.

由于其优异的导电性、良好的亲水性、优异的机械性能、大且可调的层间距、丰富的表面官能团和大的比表面积，MXenes在能量存储和转换、传感器、电磁屏蔽和生物医学领域引起了极大的关注。独特的表面化学、类石墨烯形态、高亲水性、令人满意的生物相容性和易于形成的复合材料，使 MXenes 成为传感器应用的理想材料。在过去的几年中，人们致力于各种基于 MXene 的传感器的设计和制造。本综述简要介绍了 MXenes 的结构、主要合成方法和性能，然后重点介绍了 MXenes 和/或其复合材料在压力传感器、应变传感器、气体传感器、湿度传感器、温度传感器、电化学（生物）和光学/光电传感器。讨论了各种传感器的传感机理、制备方法、性能和应用领域，并比较了各种基于MXene的传感器的性能。最后，我们讨论并展望未来的机遇和挑战。