Throughout the body, lymphatic fluid movement supports critical functions including clearance of excess fluid and metabolic waste. The glymphatic system is the analog of the lymphatic system in the CNS. As such, the glymphatic system plays a key role in regulating directional interstitial fluid movement, waste clearance, and, potentially, brain immunity. The glymphatic system enables bulk movement of CSF from the subarachnoid space along periarterial spaces, where it mixes with interstitial fluid within the parenchyma before ultimately exiting from the parenchyma via perivenous spaces. This review focuses on important questions about the structure of this system, why the brain needs a fluid transport system, and unexplored aspects of brain fluid transport. We provide evidence that astrocytes and blood vessels determine the shape of the perivascular space, ultimately controlling the movement of perivascular fluid. Glymphatic fluid movement has the potential to alter local as well as global transport of signaling molecules and metabolites. We also highlight the evidence for cross talk among the glymphatic system, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, and lymphatic system. Much remains to be studied, but we propose that the glymphatic/lymphatic system acts as a cornerstone in signaling between the brain and body.

在整个身体中，淋巴液的运动支持关键功能，包括清除多余的液体和代谢废物。淋巴系统类似于中枢神经系统中的淋巴系统。因此，glymphatic 系统在调节定向间质液运动、废物清除以及潜在的脑免疫方面发挥着关键作用。glymphatic 系统使 CSF 从蛛网膜下腔沿动脉周围空间大量运动，在此处它与实质内的间质液混合，然后最终通过静脉周围空间离开实质。这篇综述的重点是关于这个系统结构的重要问题，为什么大脑需要一个液体运输系统，以及大脑液体运输的未探索方面。我们提供的证据表明星形胶质细胞和血管决定了血管周围空间的形状，最终控制了血管周围液体的运动。淋巴液运动有可能改变信号分子和代谢物的局部和全局运输。我们还强调了 glymphatic 系统、心血管系统、胃肠道和淋巴系统之间串扰的证据。还有很多需要研究，但我们建议，glymphatic/lymphatic 系统充当大脑和身体之间信号传导的基石。心血管系统、胃肠道和淋巴系统。还有很多需要研究，但我们建议，glymphatic/lymphatic 系统充当大脑和身体之间信号传导的基石。心血管系统、胃肠道和淋巴系统。还有很多需要研究，但我们建议，glymphatic/lymphatic 系统充当大脑和身体之间信号传导的基石。