Spontaneous emergence of organized states in materials driven by non-equilibrium conditions is of notable fundamental and technological interest. In many cases, the states are complex, and their emergence is challenging to predict. Here, we show that an unexpectedly diverse collection of dissipative organized states emerges in a simple system of two liquids under planar confinement when driven by electrohydrodynamic shearing. At low shearing, a symmetry breaking at the liquid-liquid interface leads to a one-dimensional corrugation pattern. At slightly stronger shearing, topological changes give raise to the emergence of Quincke rolling filaments, filament networks, and two-dimensional bicontinuous fluidic lattices. At strong shearing, the system transitions into dissipating polygonal, toroidal, and active droplets that form dilute gas-like states at low densities and complex active emulsions at higher densities. The diversity of the observed dissipative organized states is exceptional, pointing toward non-equilibrium optical devices and new avenues in several fields of research.

中文翻译：

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受限电流体动力学驱动液体中非平衡模式的多样性和活性的出现

由非平衡条件驱动的材料中自发出现的有组织状态具有显着的基础和技术意义。在许多情况下，这些状态是复杂的，它们的出现很难预测。在这里，我们表明，当由电流体动力剪切驱动时，在平面约束下的两种液体的简单系统中会出现出乎意料的多样化的耗散组织状态集合。在低剪切下，液-液界面处的对称性破坏导致一维波纹图案。在稍强的剪切下，拓扑变化导致出现 Quincke 滚动丝、丝网络和二维双连续流体晶格。在强剪切下，系统转变为消散的多边形、环形、以及在低密度下形成稀释的类气体状态的活性液滴和在较高密度下形成复杂活性乳液的活性液滴。观察到的耗散有组织状态的多样性是特殊的，指向非平衡光学器件和多个研究领域的新途径。