Recently developed single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array cameras provide single-photon sensitivity and picosecond-scale time gating for time-of-flight measurements, with applications in LIDAR and fluorescence lifetime imaging. As compared to standard image sensors, SPAD arrays typically return binary intensity measurements with photon time-of-arrival information from fewer pixels. Here, we study the feasibility of implementing Fourier ptychography (FP), a synthetic aperture imaging technique, with SPAD array cameras to reconstruct an image with higher resolution and larger dynamic range from acquired binary intensity measurements. Toward achieving this goal, we present (1) an improved FP reconstruction algorithm that accounts for discretization and limited bit depth of the detected light intensity by image sensors, and (2) an illumination angle-dependent source brightness adaptation strategy, which is sample-specific. Together, these provide a high-quality amplitude and phase object reconstruction, not only from binary SPAD array intensity measurements, but also from alternative low-dynamic-range images, as demonstrated by our simulations and proof-of-concept experiments.

中文翻译：

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带有来自 SPAD 相机的二进制图像的量化傅立叶 ptychography

最近开发的单光子雪崩二极管 (SPAD) 阵列相机为飞行时间测量提供单光子灵敏度和皮秒级时间门控，可应用于激光雷达和荧光寿命成像。与标准图像传感器相比，SPAD 阵列通常返回二进制强度测量值和来自更少像素的光子到达时间信息。在这里，我们研究了使用 SPAD 阵列相机实施傅立叶 ptychography (FP)（一种合成孔径成像技术）的可行性，以从获得的二进制强度测量中重建具有更高分辨率和更大动态范围的图像。为了实现这一目标，我们提出了 (1) 一种改进的 FP 重建算法，该算法考虑了图像传感器检测到的光强度的离散化和有限位深度，(2) 依赖于照明角度的光源亮度适应策略，它是样本特定的。这些共同提供了高质量的幅度和相位对象重建，不仅来自二进制 SPAD 阵列强度测量，还来自替代的低动态范围图像，正如我们的模拟和概念验证实验所证明的那样。